"Glaciology is the scientific study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice."
The use of geophysical methods to study the internal structure and properties of glaciers.
Glacial Dynamics: Study of the behavior of glaciers including their flow, deformation, and melting.
Glaciology: Study of glaciers and their physical, chemical, and biological properties.
Climatology: Study of the Earth's climate and how it affects glaciers.
Remote Sensing: Use of satellite and airborne measurements to study glaciers and their surroundings.
Ice Cores: Extraction and analysis of ice cores from glaciers to study climate history.
Glacier Mass Balance: Study of the balance between accumulation and loss of ice in a glacier.
Glacier Hydrology: Study of water flow and its interactions with glaciers.
Glacier Morphology: Study of the shape and characteristics of glacial landforms including termini, valleys, and ice sheets.
Ice-Ocean Interaction: Study of the interaction between ice sheets and the ocean including sea level rise.
Glacial Geomorphology: Study of the formation and evolution of glacial landforms such as moraines and drumlins.
Ice-penetrating radar: This technique involves the use of radar waves to penetrate the ice and gather information about its thickness, internal structure, and bedrock topography.
Seismic imaging: This method involves the use of seismic waves to create detailed images of the subsurface layers of ice and rock, providing information about the bedrock topography and ice thickness.
Gravimetry: This technique involves the measurement of gravity and its variations around and within the glacier, providing information about the density and thickness of the ice and underlying rock.
Electromagnetic surveys: This method involves the use of electromagnetic waves to measure the electrical conductivity of the ice and rock, providing information about their composition and structure.
Infrared imaging: This technique involves the use of infrared cameras to measure the surface temperatures of glaciers, providing information about their melting rates and overall health.
Global positioning system (GPS): This technology involves the use of satellites to measure the movement and deformation of glaciers, providing information about their flow patterns and rates.
Cosmogenic nuclide dating: This method involves the measurement of the radioactive decay of certain isotopes in rocks and sediments, providing information about the timeline of glacial retreat and advance.
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology."
"The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology."
"Glaciology (from Latin glacies 'frost, ice', and Ancient Greek λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice')"
"...or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice."
"The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa, and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as 'astroglaciology'."
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics..."
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates... climatology..."
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates... meteorology..."
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates... biology, and ecology."
"The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa, and Pluto..."
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates... physical geography..."
"Glaciology (from Latin glacies 'frost, ice', and Ancient Greek λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice')"
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates... geomorphology..."
"The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology."
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates... hydrology..."
"The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa, and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field..."
"The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa, and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as 'astroglaciology'."
"Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates... meteorology..."
"The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa, and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as 'astroglaciology'."