"Geophysics is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis."
Study of the electromagnetic fields generated by geophysical phenomena, including their use in imaging the Earth's interior.
Electric Charge: This is the fundamental property of matter that interacts with electromagnetic fields.
Electric Field: This is a field or region around an electric charge where other charges would experience a force or potential energy.
Magnetic Field: This is a field or region around a magnet or a moving charge where other moving charges would experience a force or potential energy.
Lorentz force: This is the force experienced by a charge moving in a magnetic field or electric field.
Gauss's law: This is a law that relates the flux of electric field through a surface to the net enclosed charge.
Ampere's Law: This is a law that relates the integral of magnetic field around a closed loop to the net current enclosed by the loop.
Faraday's Law: This is a law that relates the rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop to the induced electric field around the loop.
Maxwell's equations: These are a set of four equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields, their sources, and their interactions.
Electromagnetic waves: These are waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space at the speed of light.
Electromagnetic spectrum: This is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to gamma rays.
Electromagnetic induction: This is the process of producing an electric current in a conductor by changing the magnetic flux through the conductor.
Electrical conductivity: This is the property of a material that allows it to conduct an electric current.
Magnetic permeability: This is the property of a material that affects its response to magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic geophysics: This is a branch of geophysics that uses electromagnetic methods to study the Earth's subsurface, such as electromagnetic surveys, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetotellurics.
Earth's magnetic field: The magnetic field of the Earth is created by the motion of molten iron in the core. The field is important in navigation and is used to study the structure of the Earth's interior.
Electromagnetic radiation: This includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. Electromagnetic radiation is used in geophysics to study a variety of phenomena, including atmospheric dynamics, the structure of the Earth's crust, and the behavior of the solar wind.
Electrical conductivity: The electrical conductivity of rocks and soils is an important property in geophysics. It can be used to map subsurface structures, such as mineral deposits and groundwater aquifers.
Magnetotellurics: Magnetotellurics (MT) is a geophysical technique used to study the electrical conductivity of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. The method uses natural electromagnetic signals generated by the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetic field.
Induced polarization: Induced polarization (IP) is a geophysical technique used to study the electrical properties of rocks and soils. The technique involves applying an alternating electrical current to a sample and measuring the resulting voltage across the sample.
Ground-penetrating radar: Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique used to study the subsurface structure of rocks and soils. The technique works by transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the ground and measuring the reflected waves.
Time-domain electromagnetics: Time-domain electromagnetics (TEM) is a geophysical technique used to study the subsurface structure of rocks and soils. The technique involves transmitting a short electromagnetic pulse into the ground and measuring the resulting electrical response.
"Geophysicists, who usually study geophysics, physics, or one of the earth sciences at the graduate level, complete investigations across a wide range of scientific disciplines."
"The term geophysics classically refers to solid earth applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation."
"Modern geophysics organizations and pure scientists use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial physics; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets."
"Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins date back to ancient times."
"The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 AD."
"Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle."
"In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics."
"Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards, and environmental protection."
"In exploration geophysics, geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation."
"Geophysicists use quantitative methods for the analysis of physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment."
"The term geophysics classically refers to solid earth applications."
"The broader definition of geophysics includes areas such as the water cycle, fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere, electricity and magnetism, solar-terrestrial physics, and studies related to the Moon and other planets."
"Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards, and environmental protection."
"In exploration geophysics, geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation."
"Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins date back to ancient times."
"The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 AD."
"Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle."
"In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics."
"Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards, and environmental protection."