"Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment and the solution of environmental problems."
It is the study of the interactions between the natural environment and human activities.
Ecology: The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment, including the distribution and abundance of organisms, and the interactions between different species.
Geology: The study of the Earth's physical composition, structure, and processes, including the formation and characteristics of rocks, minerals, and geological formations.
Climatology: The study of the Earth's climate, including atmospheric processes, weather patterns, and long-term climate trends.
Hydrology: The study of water on Earth, including its distribution, movement, and quality in the form of rivers, lakes, oceans, and groundwater.
Biogeochemistry: The study of the cycles of matter and energy in Earth's systems, including the interactions between living and non-living components.
Environmental chemistry: The study of the chemical components of Earth's environment, including pollutants, their sources, effects, and remediation.
Environmental economics: The study of the relationship between economic activities and the environment, including the costs and benefits of environmental policies and regulations.
Environmental law: The study of legal frameworks and regulations related to the protection and management of the environment, including environmental impact assessments and international agreements.
Environmental ethics: The study of ethical principles and values related to environmental issues, including the moral responsibilities of individuals and societies.
Sustainability: The study of how human societies can meet their needs while maintaining the integrity of Earth's systems for future generations.
Ecology: Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Conservation biology: Study of preserving and protecting biodiversity.
Environmental chemistry: Study of the chemical effects on environmental systems.
Environmental geology: Study of geological processes that affect the environment.
Meteorology: Study of weather patterns and atmospheric conditions.
Oceanography: Study of the ocean and its interactions with the environment.
Soil science: Study of the properties and processes of soil.
Environmental policy: Study of environmental laws and policies.
Environmental engineering: Study of designing, building and maintaining infrastructure to protect the environment.
Environmental microbiology: Study of microorganisms and their role in environmental processes.
"Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment."
"Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems."
"Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions, and policies towards the environment."
"Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect."
"Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes."
"Environmental scientists study issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change."
"Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes."
"Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems."
"Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis."
"Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s."
"The development of environmental science was driven by the need for a multi-disciplinary approach, the arrival of substantive environmental laws, and growing public awareness of a need for action."
"Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book Silent Spring along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, 'catching fire'."
"The publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book Silent Spring...helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study."
"Major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, 'catching fire'."
"Environmental science integrates physics, biology, and geography...to the study of the environment and the solution of environmental problems."
"Environmental studies incorporate more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions, and policies towards the environment."
"Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect."
"Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes."
"The growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems."