"A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce."
The three types of macronutrients: carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and their relative importance in human nutrition.
"The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi, and protists."
"Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excreted by cells to create non-cellular structures, such as hair, scales, feathers, or exoskeletons."
"Some nutrients can be metabolically converted to smaller molecules in the process of releasing energy, such as for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and fermentation products, leading to end-products of water and carbon dioxide."
"Essential nutrients for animals are the energy sources, some of the amino acids that are combined to create proteins, a subset of fatty acids, vitamins, and certain minerals."
"Plants require more diverse minerals absorbed through roots, plus carbon dioxide and oxygen absorbed through leaves."
"Fungi live on dead or living organic matter and meet nutrient needs from their host."
"Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is essential, meaning it must be consumed in sufficient amounts, to humans and some other animal species, but some animals and plants are able to synthesize it."
"Inorganic nutrients include nutrients such as iron, selenium, and zinc, while organic nutrients include energy-providing compounds and vitamins."
"A classification used primarily to describe nutrient needs of animals divides nutrients into macronutrients and micronutrients."
"Macronutrients are primarily used to generate energy or to incorporate into tissues for growth and repair."
"Micronutrients have subtle biochemical and physiological roles in cellular processes, like vascular functions or nerve conduction."
"Inadequate amounts of essential nutrients, or diseases that interfere with absorption, result in a deficiency state that compromises growth, survival, and reproduction."
"Consumer advisories for dietary nutrient intakes, such as the United States Dietary Reference Intake, are based on deficiency outcomes and provide macronutrient and micronutrient guides for both lower and upper limits of intake."
"In many countries, macronutrients and micronutrients in significant content are required by regulations to be displayed on food product labels."
"Nutrients in larger quantities than the body needs may have harmful effects."
"Edible plants also contain thousands of compounds generally called phytochemicals which have unknown effects on disease or health."
"A diverse class with non-nutrient status called polyphenols, which remain poorly understood as of 2017."
"Inadequate amounts of essential nutrients... result in a deficiency state that compromises growth, survival, and reproduction."
"Polyphenols... remain poorly understood as of 2017."