"Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidised in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy."
How the body converts food into energy through the process of cellular respiration.
Macronutrients: The three main macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) provide energy for the body and play a crucial role in energy metabolism.
Bioenergetics: The study of energy transfer and transformations in living organisms.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): The energy currency of the body that is produced through various metabolic pathways.
Metabolic Pathways: The chemical reactions that occur in the body to produce energy.
Respiratory Quotient: A measure of the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed during metabolism.
Caloric Intake: A measure of the amount of energy provided by food.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): The amount of energy required to maintain basic bodily functions at rest.
Glycolysis: The breakdown of glucose to produce ATP.
Citric Acid Cycle: A series of chemical reactions that produce ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Oxidative Phosphorylation: The process of producing ATP in the mitochondria of cells.
Beta-oxidation: The breakdown of fatty acids to produce ATP.
Gluconeogenesis: The production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Ketosis: The state in which the body produces ketone bodies as an alternative source of energy.
Enzymes: Proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions in the body.
Metabolic Disorders: Conditions that impair the body's ability to metabolize nutrients, such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Exercise Physiology: The study of how exercise affects energy metabolism and the role of nutrition in exercise performance.
Nutrient Timing: The optimal timing and composition of nutrient intake for energy metabolism and exercise performance.
Energy Balance: The relationship between energy intake and expenditure, and its impact on body weight and health.
Carbohydrate metabolism: The process of converting carbohydrates into energy.
Protein metabolism: The process of breaking down protein into amino acids, which are then used to create energy.
Fat metabolism: The process of breaking down fat into fatty acids and glycerol, which are then used to create energy.
Anaerobic metabolism: The process of creating energy without the presence of oxygen.
Aerobic metabolism: The process of creating energy with the presence of oxygen.
Glycolysis: The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which is then used to create energy.
Krebs cycle: The process of extracting energy from food molecules by breaking them down into carbon dioxide and water.
Electron transport chain: The process of creating energy by transporting electrons from one molecule to another.
Oxidative phosphorylation: The process of creating energy by combining oxygen and ATP.
Fermentation: The process of creating energy by breaking down carbohydrates into alcohol or lactic acid.
"Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products."
"The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, producing large amounts of energy (ATP)."
"Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity."
"Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it is an unusual one because of the slow, controlled release of energy from the series of reactions."
"Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids."
"The most common oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen (O2)."
"The chemical energy stored in ATP (the bond of its third phosphate group to the rest of the molecule can be broken allowing more stable products to form, thereby releasing energy for use by the cell) can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes."
"The inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, is necessary for oxidizing the biological fuels and driving the production of ATP."
"The metabolic reactions and processes of respiration convert chemical energy into ATP and release waste products."
"The chemical energy stored in ATP can be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes."
"Cellular respiration is an unusual combustion reaction because of the slow, controlled release of energy from the series of reactions."
"The end products of respiration include ATP, energy, and waste products."
"The overall reaction of cellular respiration occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions."
"Catabolic reactions involved in respiration break large molecules into smaller ones, producing large amounts of energy (ATP)."
"Molecular oxygen (O2) serves as the most common oxidizing agent in cellular respiration."
"Sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids are examples of nutrients commonly used as biological fuels in respiration."
"To convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP, which contains energy, and release waste products."
"Cellular respiration releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity."
"The energy stored in ATP can be used to fuel processes such as biosynthesis, locomotion, or transportation of molecules across cell membranes."