Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Class: A blueprint or template for creating objects that represents a set of attributes and behaviors that the objects should have.

Object: An instance of a class that combines state (attributes) and behavior (methods).

Encapsulation: The concept of combining data and behavior within a single unit (class) and hiding them from external access.

Inheritance: The ability of one class (subclass) to inherit properties and methods from another class (superclass) and add or modify them as necessary.

Polymorphism: The ability of objects of different classes to be treated as if they are the same type through the use of common interfaces.

Abstraction: The process of reducing complex details to simpler representations, allowing for easier understanding and management of the system.

Interface: A contract that specifies a set of methods and properties that a class must implement in order to be compatible with a particular programming language or system.

Method: A function defined within a class that can be called to perform a specific action or return a value.

Property: An attribute of an object that can be read or set by code outside of the object.

Constructor: A special method used to initialize the state of an object when it is first created.

Getter and Setter: Methods used to read and modify the state of an object's properties.

Overloading: The ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

Overriding: The ability of a subclass to modify or replace a method inherited from its superclass.

Casting: The process of converting an object from one class to another class.

Composition: The concept of creating complex objects by combining smaller objects or components.

Class-based programming: In this type of OOP, objects are created based on defined classes. Each object has a set of attributes and methods that define its behavior.

Prototype-based programming: In this type of OOP, objects are created by cloning existing objects, which serve as prototypes. Each object can be modified independently of the others.

Multi-paradigm programming: This approach combines OOP with other programming paradigms such as functional programming, procedural programming, or logic programming.

Aspect-oriented programming: This type of OOP focuses on separating non-functional concerns (such as logging or caching) from the core business logic.

Dynamic programming: In this approach, objects can be created, modified, and used at runtime, allowing for flexible and dynamic behavior.

Message passing: In this type of OOP, objects communicate with each other by sending messages, rather than calling methods. This allows for more flexible and decentralized architecture.

Typeclass-based programming: This approach defines behavior based on a set of types, rather than by defined classes. It is often used in functional programming languages.

Role-oriented programming: This method defines behavior based on the roles that objects play in a system, rather than their inherent attributes. It is often used in systems with complex interactions and hierarchies.

Data-driven programming: In this approach, data is treated as the primary element, with behavior defined by manipulating and transforming data structures.

Service-oriented programming: This type of OOP focuses on creating modular, reusable services that can be composed into larger systems. It is often used in web services and APIs.