The study of techniques used to protect personal information and privacy in computer systems and networks.
Threat Modeling: A structured approach to identifying and prioritizing potential security threats to a system.
Cryptography: Techniques for securing communications and data using mathematical methods such as encryption, decryption, hashing and digital signatures.
Privacy Laws and Regulations: Understanding laws and regulations such as the GDPR, CCPA, HIPAA, and more that govern how organizations handle personal data.
Access Control: The process of managing and restricting access to information based on user roles and permissions.
Authentication and Authorization: The processes of verifying the identity of a user and determining their level of access to information.
Security Architecture: The design and implementation of secure infrastructure and technologies to protect information.
Secure Communications: Techniques for securing communication channels to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or interception.
Security Management: Processes and methods for managing security threats, incidents, and risks.
Security Auditing and Compliance: Processes for monitoring and ensuring compliance with relevant security standards and regulations.
Incident Response and Recovery: Planning and procedures for responding to security breaches, and mitigating the damage done.
Social Engineering: Methods for deception and manipulation of individuals for compromising security.
Network Security: Techniques for securing computer networks against unauthorized access or damage.
Web Application Security: Techniques for securing web applications against unauthorized access, tampering or injection attacks.
Mobile Device Security: Techniques for securing mobile devices including smartphones and tablets.
Cloud Security: Techniques for securing data and applications stored in the cloud against unauthorized access, tampering or loss.
Data Encryption: The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext to prevent unauthorized access and protect sensitive data during transmission.
Firewall: A security system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.
Password Protection: An authentication method that requires users to provide a password to access a system.
Virtual Private Network (VPN): A network protocol that enables secure remote access to private networks over the internet.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): An authentication method that requires users to provide two forms of identification before accessing a system.
Anti-Virus Software: Software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malware from a system.
Biometric Authentication: An authentication method that uses a person's physical or behavioral characteristics, such as fingerprints or voice recognition, to verify their identity.
Data Backup and Recovery: The process of backing up data to prevent data loss in the event of a system failure or other disasters, such as hacking and malware attacks.
Digital Certificates: A secure authentication method that confirms the identity of a user or website and establishes trust.
Cloud Security: The set of policies and technologies designed to protect data and applications in a cloud environment.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention: The process of monitoring network traffic to detect and prevent unauthorized access and suspicious activities.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS): Protocols that provide secure communication over the internet to protect against eavesdropping and data tampering.
File and Folder Permissions: The process of restricting access to files and folders based on user roles and permissions.
Data Masking: The process of replacing sensitive data with randomly generated characters to ensure that it cannot be seen or accessed by unauthorized users.
Physical Security: The set of measures designed to protect physical access to computer systems and data centers, including biometric access controls, locked doors, and surveillance cameras.