"A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values..."
These are algorithms used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values. Examples include SHA-256 and MD5.
Basic Hashing: This covers the fundamental concepts involved in hashing algorithms, such as keys, values, and hash functions.
Hash Tables: This is a data structure used to implement hashing algorithms. It involves a table that stores values using the hashing function.
Collision Resolution: This covers techniques used to solve the issue of hash function generating the same output for different inputs, which is known as a hash collision.
Cryptographic Hashing: This refers to the use of hash algorithms for security purposes, such as password storage and verification.
Message Digest Algorithms: This involves the use of hash algorithms to create digital signatures, checksums, and message authentication codes.
Merkle Trees: This is a tree data structure used for efficient verification of data in peer-to-peer networks.
Bloom Filters: This is a probabilistic data structure used for membership testing that can quickly determine whether an element is not in a set.
Substring Search: This refers to the use of hash algorithms for string matching, such as finding similar patterns in DNA strings.
Hash-based Cryptography: This is a type of cryptography that uses hash functions to create cryptographic keys.
Consistent Hashing: This is a hashing algorithm used in distributed systems for efficiently mapping data to nodes.
MD5: A widely used hashing algorithm that generates a 128-bit hash value and is considered insecure for cryptographic purposes.
SHA-1: A 160-bit hashing algorithm considered insecure due to its vulnerability to collision attacks.
SHA-2: A family of hashing algorithms that includes SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512, with varying hash sizes and resistance to collision attacks.
SHA-3: A secure hashing algorithm with variable output sizes of 224, 256, 384, or 512 bits.
Whirlpool: A secure hashing algorithm that produces a 512-bit hash value and is used in some file sharing and peer-to-peer systems.
Tiger: A cryptographic hash function that produces a 192-bit hash value and is commonly used in file sharing protocols.
RIPEMD: A family of hashing algorithms that includes RIPEMD-128, RIPEMD-160, RIPEMD-256, and RIPEMD-320, with varying hash sizes and resistance to collision attacks.
BLAKE: A fast and secure hashing algorithm with variable output sizes from 224 to 512 bits.
Skein: A family of hashing algorithms developed as part of the SHA-3 competition that includes Skein-256, Skein-512, and Threefish, with varying hash sizes and encryption modes.
GOST: A Soviet-era hash function that is still used in some Russian cryptographic applications and produces a 256-bit hash value.
MurmurHash: A non-cryptographic hash function commonly used in hash tables and similar data structures.
CityHash: A fast and efficient hash function designed for in-memory hashing applications.
FNV Hash: A non-cryptographic hash function that generates a hash value by multiplying the input data with a large prime number and using a bit shift operation.
xxHash: A high-speed hash function that is designed for generating hash values of large amounts of data and uses a 64-bit or 32-bit seed value.
FarmHash: A non-cryptographic hash function that is designed for high-speed hashing applications and uses a combination of polynomial hashing and cyclic redundancy checks.
"The values returned by a hash function are called hash values, hash codes, digests, or simply hashes."
"The values are usually used to index a fixed-size table called a hash table."
"Use of a hash function to index a hash table is called hashing or scatter storage addressing."
"Hashing is a computationally and storage space-efficient form of data access that avoids the non-constant access time of ordered and unordered lists and structured trees..."
"They require an amount of storage space only fractionally greater than the total space required for the data or records themselves."
"Use of hash functions relies on statistical properties of key and function interaction: worst-case behaviour is intolerably bad but rare, and average-case behaviour can be nearly optimal (minimal collision)."
"Hash functions are related to (and often confused with) checksums, check digits, fingerprints, lossy compression, randomization functions, error-correcting codes, and ciphers."
"Although the concepts overlap to some extent, each one has its own uses and requirements and is designed and optimized differently."
"The hash function differs from these concepts mainly in terms of data integrity."
"...though there are some hash functions that support variable length output."
"The values are usually used to index a fixed-size table called a hash table."
"Hashing is a computationally and storage space-efficient form of data access that avoids the non-constant access time of ordered and unordered lists and structured trees..."
"Worst-case behaviour is intolerably bad but rare, and average-case behaviour can be nearly optimal (minimal collision)."
"Hash functions and their associated hash tables are used in data storage and retrieval applications to access data in a small and nearly constant time per retrieval."
"Hashing is a computationally and storage space-efficient form of data access that avoids...the often exponential storage requirements of direct access of state spaces of large or variable-length keys."
"The often exponential storage requirements of direct access of state spaces of large or variable-length keys."
"...each one has its own uses and requirements and is designed and optimized differently."
"...each one has its own uses and requirements and is designed and optimized differently."
"...each one has its own uses and requirements and is designed and optimized differently."