Quote: "Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, use of objects and body language."
Communication through gestures, facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice, which occurs without the use of words.
Body Language: The study of nonverbal communication through body movements, gestures, and facial expressions.
Proxemics: The study of the use of space and distance between individuals during communication.
Haptics: The study of touch as a means of communication.
Eye contact: The study of the use of eye contact in communication.
Vocalics: The study of nonverbal aspects of voice, such as tone, pitch, and volume.
Chronemics: The study of time-related behavior, including punctuality, speed of speech, and reaction time.
Olfactics: The study of the sense of smell in communication.
Artifacts: The study of objects used in communication, such as clothing, jewelry, and hairstyles.
Physical Appearance: The study of how appearance affects communication, including weight, height, and physical attractiveness.
Adornments and Accessories: The study of how accessories such as makeup, hats, and glasses affect communication.
Mimicry and Mirroring: The study of how individuals mirror or mimic each other during communication.
Emblems: The study of nonverbal cues that can stand for words or phrases, such as a handshake or a wave.
Paralanguage: The study of nonverbal communication that accompanies speech, such as pausing or inflection.
Physical Environment: The study of how the physical surroundings affect communication, such as lighting, temperature, and noise.
Cultural Differences: The study of how culture affects the interpretation and use of nonverbal communication.
Facial expressions: The movement and positioning of the various features of the face such as the eyes, eyebrows, mouth, and cheeks, used to express emotion or convey understanding.
Eye contact: The direct or indirect gaze of one person towards another, used to establish connection or to signal interest, authority, or attitude.
Body posture: The alignment and positioning of the body, including the head, shoulders, arms, and legs, used to express mood, attitude, confidence, and authority.
Gestures: The movements of the hands, arms, and other body parts, used to convey intention, emphasis, or information.
Touch: The physical contact between people, such as handshakes, hugs, and pats on the back, used to communicate emotions, warmth, and support.
Proxemics: The use of space between individuals, such as distance and orientation, to convey meaning, status, and emotion.
Appearance: The physical attributes of a person, such as clothing, grooming, and posture, used to communicate personality, status, and culture.
Paralinguistics: The use of intonation, pace, volume, and other vocal elements to convey meaning and emotion beyond the words themselves.
Chronemics: The use of time, such as punctuality, duration, and sequence, to communicate meanings related to culture, status, and relationship.
Artefacts: The use of material objects, such as jewelry, clothing, and accessories, to communicate identity, status, and values.
Quote: "It includes the use of social cues, kinesics, distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics)."
Quote: "A signal has three different parts to it, including the basic signal, what the signal is trying to convey, and how it is interpreted."
Quote: "These signals that are transmitted to the receiver depend highly on the knowledge and empathy that this individual has."
Quote: "The study of nonverbal communication started in 1872 with the publication of The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin."
Quote: "Darwin began to study nonverbal communication as he noticed the interactions between animals such as lions, tigers, dogs etc. and realized they also communicated by gestures and expressions."
Quote: "Today, scholars argue that nonverbal communication can convey more meaning than verbal communication."
Quote: "Ray Birdwhistell concludes that nonverbal communication accounts for 60–70 percent of human communication."
Quote: "Just as speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, as well as prosodic features, so written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page."
Quote: "much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on interaction between individuals, where it can be classified into three principal areas: environmental conditions where communication takes place, physical characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during interaction."
Quote: "Nonverbal communication involves the conscious and unconscious processes of encoding and decoding."
Quote: "Encoding is defined as our ability to express emotions in a way that can be accurately interpreted by the receiver(s)."
Quote: "Decoding is called 'nonverbal sensitivity', defined as the ability to take this encoded emotion and interpret its meanings accurately to what the sender intended."
Quote: "For example, in the picture above, the encoder holds up two fingers, and the decoder may know from previous experience that this means two."
Quote: "Both of these skills can vary from person to person, with some people being better than others at one or both."
Quote: "women are found to be better decoders than men since they are more observant of nonverbal cues, as well as more likely to use them."
Quote: "Culture plays an important role in nonverbal communication, and it is one aspect that helps to influence how learning activities are organized."
Quote: "In many Indigenous American communities, for example, there is often an emphasis on nonverbal communication, which acts as a valued means by which children learn."
Quote: "Within cultures around the world there are extreme differences and similarities between a lot of nonverbal gestures or signals."
Quote: "In this sense, learning is not dependent on verbal communication; rather, it is nonverbal communication which serves as a primary means of not only organizing interpersonal interactions but also conveying cultural values, and children learn how to participate in this system from a young age."