- "Stereotype threat is a situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group."
A discussion of the harmful effects of stereotypes and prejudice in intercultural communication and methods to avoid them.
Understanding Stereotypes: This topic involves exploring the meaning of stereotypes, their formation, and factors that contribute to their maintenance.
Prejudice: This topic involves exploring the meaning of prejudice, its effects on intercultural communication, and ways to combat it.
Intercultural Communication: This topic involves understanding the concepts of culture and how they shape communication between people from different backgrounds.
Social Identity: This topic involves understanding the concept of social identity and how it forms through identification with social groups.
Bias: This topic involves exploring the concept of bias, its effects on communication, and ways to identify and reduce it.
Discrimination: This topic involves exploring the concept of discrimination, its effects on communication, and ways to combat it.
Stereotype Threat: This topic involves exploring the concept of stereotype threat, its effects on communication, and ways to mitigate its impact.
Cultural Competence: This topic involves understanding the concept of cultural competence, its importance in intercultural communication, and ways to develop it.
Communication Strategies: This topic involves exploring effective communication strategies in diverse cultural settings, including active listening, asking questions, and displaying empathy.
Diversity and Inclusion: This topic involves understanding the importance of diversity and inclusion in communication, and ways to create inclusive environments for people from diverse backgrounds.
Racial prejudice: Prejudice based on race and ethnic backgrounds.
Gender prejudice: Prejudice based on gender or sexual orientation.
Ageism: Prejudice based on one's age, usually directed towards older individuals.
Islamophobia: Prejudice or stereotype of Muslims and their culture.
Xenophobia: Fear or prejudice aimed at people from other countries.
Ableism: Prejudice based on one’s physical and/or mental abilities.
Classism: Prejudice against those from a lower socioeconomic status.
Nationalism: Extreme or excessive pride in one's country, often leading to negative views or stereotypes of other countries.
Homophobia: Prejudice against homosexuals, often grounded in stereotypes and perceived deviant behavior.
Anti-Semitism: Prejudice and discrimination toward Jews, often founded in bigotry or outdated beliefs.
Transphobia: Prejudice against transgender individuals, often rooted in a lack of understanding or stereotypical beliefs.
Lookism: Prejudice based on physical appearance, resulting in harmful attitudes, behavior, and expectations.
Heterosexism: Prejudice based on the stereotype that heterosexuality is superior or "normal" in comparison to other sexual orientations.
Regionalism: Prejudice based on regional affiliation, often leading to polarizing attitudes and judgements about different geographical areas.
Colorism: Prejudice among individuals within the same racial and ethnic groups based on presumed skin colors, often leading to false assumptions about family origins or cultural values.
- "It is theorized to be a contributing factor to long-standing racial and gender gaps in academic performance."
- "Situational factors that increase stereotype threat can include the difficulty of the task, the belief that the task measures their abilities, and the relevance of the stereotype to the task."
- "Individuals show higher degrees of stereotype threat on tasks they wish to perform well on and when they identify strongly with the stereotyped group."
- "These effects are also increased when they expect discrimination due to their identification with a negatively stereotyped group."
- "Repeated experiences of stereotype threat can lead to a vicious circle of diminished confidence, poor performance, and loss of interest in the relevant area of achievement."
- "Stereotype threat has been argued to show a reduction in the performance of individuals who belong to negatively stereotyped groups."
- "It is hypothesized that the mechanism through which anxiety (induced by the activation of the stereotype) decreases performance is by depleting working memory."
- "The opposite of stereotype threat is stereotype boost, which is when people perform better than they otherwise would have because of exposure to positive stereotypes about their social group."
- "A variant of stereotype boost is stereotype lift, which is people achieving better performance because of exposure to negative stereotypes about other social groups."
- "Some researchers have suggested that stereotype threat should not be interpreted as a factor in real-life performance gaps, and have raised the possibility of publication bias."
- "However, meta-analyses and systematic reviews have shown significant evidence for the effects of stereotype threat."
- "Since its introduction into the academic literature, stereotype threat has become one of the most widely studied topics in the field of social psychology."
- "Importantly, the individual does not need to subscribe to the stereotype for it to be activated."
- "Its role in affecting public health disparities has also been suggested."
- "Other critics have focused on correcting what they claim are misconceptions of early studies showing a large effect."
- "However, meta-analyses and systematic reviews have shown significant evidence for the effects of stereotype threat, though the phenomenon defies over-simplistic characterization."
- "It is theorized to be a contributing factor to long-standing racial and gender gaps in academic performance."
- "Individuals show higher degrees of stereotype threat on tasks they wish to perform well on and when they identify strongly with the stereotyped group."
- "Repeated experiences of stereotype threat can lead to a vicious circle of diminished confidence, poor performance, and loss of interest in the relevant area of achievement."