"The Stoics believed that the practice of virtue is enough to achieve eudaimonia: a well-lived, flourishing life."
A study of the philosophical works of Roman authors, including the writings of Seneca and Marcus Aurelius.
Epistemology: The branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge and belief.
Metaphysics: The branch of philosophy that deals with reality and the nature of existence.
Ethics: The branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles and values.
Logic: The study of reasoning and argumentation.
Political philosophy: The study of government and political systems.
Aesthetics: The study of beauty and taste.
Philosophy of mind: The study of the nature of the human mind and consciousness.
Philosophy of language: The study of language and its relation to thought and reality.
Philosophy of science: The study of scientific knowledge and methods.
Philosophy of religion: The study of religion and its relation to reality and meaning.
Metaphysics: Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of reality, the existence of God, and the relationship between mind and matter.
Epistemology: Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge and belief, including the nature of knowledge, the sources of knowledge, and the limitations of knowledge.
Ethics: Ethics is the branch of philosophy concerned with morality and how individuals and societies ought to behave. It includes the study of virtues, values, and duties.
Logic: Logic is the branch of philosophy concerned with reasoning and argumentation. It includes the study of deductive and inductive reasoning, fallacies, and the principles of valid argumentation.
Aesthetics: Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and art. It includes the study of the principles of art and the nature of our responses to art.
Political philosophy: Political philosophy is the branch of philosophy concerned with the study of government, politics, and power. It includes the study of justice, rights, and the principles of government.
Philosophy of mind: Philosophy of mind is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of consciousness, the relationship between mind and body, and the nature of mental states.
Philosophy of language: Philosophy of language is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of language and its relationship to thought and reality.
Philosophy of science: Philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy concerned with the study of scientific knowledge, methods, and assumptions. It includes the study of scientific explanation, causation, and the relationship between theory and evidence.
"It was founded in the ancient Agora of Athens by Zeno of Citium around 300 BC."
"The Stoics identified the path to achieving it with a life spent practicing certain virtues in everyday life such as courage or temperance."
"Alongside Aristotle's ethics, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to virtue ethics."
"The Stoics are especially known for teaching that 'virtue is the only good' for human beings, and that external things, such as health, wealth, and pleasure, are not good or bad in themselves but have value as 'material for virtue to act upon' (adiaphora)."
"Many Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that because 'virtue is sufficient for happiness,' a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune."
"The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment."
"They believed people should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is 'in accordance with nature'."
"To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they believed everything was rooted in nature. Because of this, the Stoics thought the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how a person behaved."
"Stoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century AD."
"Among its adherents was Emperor Marcus Aurelius."
"It experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the 4th century AD."
"Yes, it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era (modern Stoicism)."
"The Stoics believed that the practice of virtue is enough to achieve eudaimonia: a well-lived, flourishing life."
"It was founded in the ancient Agora of Athens by Zeno of Citium around 300 BC."
"External things, such as health, wealth, and pleasure, are not good or bad in themselves but have value as 'material for virtue to act upon'."
"The Stoics held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment."
"People should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is 'in accordance with nature'."
"The best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how a person behaved."
"To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they believed everything was rooted in nature."