"The stone was carved during the Hellenistic period and is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at Sais."
Principles of translation and interpretation of ancient inscriptions in different languages.
Linguistics: The scientific study of language and its structure, including syntax, phonetics, and semantics.
Translation theory: The study of the principles, techniques, and methods used in the translation process.
Interpretation theory: The study of the principles, techniques, and methods used in interpretation.
Historical linguistics: The study of how languages change over time and how they are related to each other.
Textual analysis: The study of the structure and meaning of written texts.
Cultural studies: The study of how cultures are constructed and how they affect the behavior and beliefs of individuals.
Comparative literature: The study of the relationships between different literary works and movements across languages and cultures.
Computer-assisted translation: The use of computer technology to aid in translation and interpretation.
Consecutive interpretation: The mode of interpretation where the interpreter listens to a speaker and renders a translation after the speaker has finished speaking.
Simultaneous interpretation: The mode of interpretation where the interpreter listens to a speaker and renders a translation in real-time.
Bilingualism: The ability to speak and understand two languages fluently.
Multilingualism: The ability to speak and understand more than two languages fluently.
Terminology management: The study of the development, use, and management of specific terminology within a given field or discipline.
Ethics in translation and interpretation: The study of ethical standards and considerations that should be taken into account in the translation and interpretation process.
Interpreting techniques: The different techniques used in interpreting, such as chuchotage, simultaneous interpreting, consecutive interpreting, among others.
Literal Translation: This type of translation focuses on word-for-word translation, with a focus on maintaining the exact wording and structure of the original text.
Free Translation: Instead of focusing on the word-to-word translation, this type of translation centres on the overall meaning of the text, taking into account the cultural, historical and linguistic background of the original text.
Interpretation: This type of translation involves oral communication or sign language interpretation, where a message in one language is delivered in another language.
Simultaneous Interpretation: This type of interpretation involves interpreting the message in real-time while the speaker is speaking.
Consecutive Interpretation: This type of interpretation involves listening to the speaker, taking notes, and then interpreting the message once the speaker has finished speaking.
Sight Translation: This type of interpretation involves translating a written text or document verbally, without any prior opportunity to read it.
Transcription: This type of translation involves converting an audio or video recording into a written text.
Localization: This type of translation involves adapting a text to suit the language and culture of a particular target audience.
Machine Translation: This refers to the use of automated software to translate text from one language to another.
Specialized Translation: This type of translation is focused on specific domains such as legal, medical, technical, and academic terminology.
"The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek."
"The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts."
"It was found there in July 1799 by French officer Pierre-François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt."
"It was the first Ancient Egyptian bilingual text recovered in modern times, and it aroused widespread public interest with its potential to decipher this previously untranslated hieroglyphic script."
"Since 1802, it has been on public display at the British Museum almost continuously, and it is the most visited object."
"Study of the decree was already underway when the first complete translation of the Greek text was published in 1803."
"Jean-François Champollion announced the transliteration of the Egyptian scripts in Paris in 1822."
"Major advances in the decoding were recognition that the stone offered three versions of the same text (1799); that the Demotic text used phonetic characters to spell foreign names (1802); that the hieroglyphic text did so as well, and had pervasive similarities to the Demotic (1814); and that phonetic characters were also used to spell native Egyptian words (1822–1824)."
"Three other fragmentary copies of the same decree were discovered later, and several similar Egyptian bilingual or trilingual inscriptions are now known."
"including three slightly earlier Ptolemaic decrees: the Decree of Alexandria in 243 BC, the Decree of Canopus in 238 BC, and the Memphis decree of Ptolemy IV, c. 218 BC."
"The Rosetta Stone is no longer unique, but it was the essential key to the modern understanding of ancient Egyptian literature and civilization."
"The term 'Rosetta Stone' is now used to refer to the essential clue to a new field of knowledge."