"Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity..."
Overview of Classical architecture, including the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders and their stylistic characteristics.
History of architecture: Understanding the origins of architecture, different styles and movements in architecture, and the evolution of classical art and architecture.
Elements of architecture: Understanding the various components of architecture, including columns, entablatures, pediments, arches, and more.
Design principles: Understanding the principles used to design classical buildings, including symmetry, proportion, order, and balance.
Classical orders: Understanding the five orders of architecture, including Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite.
Materials and construction techniques: Understanding various materials and techniques used in classical architecture, including stone, concrete, and brick, as well as techniques such as arches and vaults.
Archeology: Understanding the techniques of archeology used to uncover classical ruins and artifacts, and how these discoveries enhance our understanding of classical art and architecture.
Urban planning: Understanding the ways in which classical architecture was used in urban planning, and how classical architecture influenced modern cities.
Aesthetics: Understanding the aesthetic principles of classical art and architecture, including beauty, symmetry, and harmony.
Preservation: Understanding the importance of preserving classical architecture and art, and the various principles and techniques used in preservation.
Contemporary classical architecture: Understanding how classical principles and techniques are used in modern architecture and design, and how classical architecture has evolved over time.
Ancient Egyptian architecture: Characterized by massive use of stone blocks, pyramid-shaped buildings, colossal statues, and hieroglyphic carvings.
Greek architecture: Known for its use of columns, symmetrical and balanced design, and emphasis on proportion and harmony. Key features include the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, as well as structures such as the Parthenon and the Acropolis.
Roman architecture: An evolution of the Greek style, incorporating arches, domes, and vaults. Innovations included the aqueduct, amphitheater, and the use of concrete. Famous buildings include the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and the Baths of Caracalla.
Byzantine architecture: A continuation of Roman style, with a focus on domes, intricate mosaics, and brightly colored stones. Famous examples include the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy.
Gothic architecture: Characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, and elaborate stone tracery on windows. Known for its towering cathedrals, such as Notre Dame and Chartres.
Renaissance architecture: A return to classical Greek and Roman styles, with an emphasis on symmetry, proportion, and mathematical principles. Key features include arches, domes, and pilasters, as well as ornate carvings and decorations.
Baroque architecture: Characterized by ornate decoration, dramatic lighting effects, and a sense of movement and drama. Famous examples include Versailles in France and the Trevi Fountain in Rome.
Rococo architecture: A lighter, more playful version of the Baroque, with intricate motifs and elaborate decor. Can be seen in buildings such as the Palace of Versailles and the Zwinger Palace in Dresden.
Neoclassical architecture: A return to classical styles, but with simpler, more restrained ornamentation. Famous examples include the White House in Washington, D.C. and the British Museum in London.
Art Deco architecture: Characterized by geometric shapes and bold, stylized designs. Popular in the 1920s and 1930s, often seen in skyscrapers such as the Chrysler Building in New York City.
Post-modern architecture: A rejection of traditional styles and a celebration of individuality and diversity. Often characterized by whimsical shapes and unusual materials. Examples include Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, and the CCTV Building in Beijing, China.
"...from the works of the Roman architect Vitruvius."
"Different styles of classical architecture have arguably existed since the Carolingian Renaissance..."
"...and prominently since the Italian Renaissance."
"...they can in general all be said to draw on a common 'vocabulary' of decorative and constructive elements."
"In much of the Western world, different classical architectural styles have dominated the history of architecture from the Renaissance until World War II."
"Classical architecture continues to inform many architects."
"The term classical architecture also applies to any mode of architecture that has evolved to a highly refined state, such as classical Chinese architecture, or classical Mayan architecture."
"It can also refer to any architecture that employs classical aesthetic philosophy."
"The term might be used differently from 'traditional' or 'vernacular architecture,' although it can share underlying axioms with it."
"For contemporary buildings following authentic classical principles, the term New Classical architecture is sometimes used."