"The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is more organization oriented than technology oriented."
Exploration of ancient warfare and military tactics.
Ancient Warfare: The study of the tactics, strategies, and equipment used by the armies of ancient civilizations like the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians.
Military Leadership: The study of the great generals and military leaders of history such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Napoleon Bonaparte.
War and Society: The study of the effects of war on society, culture, and politics.
Military Technology: The study of the development of military technology from ancient to modern times, focusing on weapons, armor, transportation, and communication.
Battlefields and Fortifications: The study of the physical environment of warfare, including geographic factors, terrain, and the role of fortifications in military strategy.
Military Logistics: The study of the organization and management of large-scale military operations, including the procurement and distribution of supplies, transportation, and communication.
Naval Warfare: The study of the development of naval technology and tactics, focusing on the role of naval power in global history.
Military Intelligence: The study of the use of intelligence gathering and espionage in military strategy and tactics.
Military Theory: The study of military strategy and the development of military theory, including the works of theorists such as Sun Tzu, Carl von Clausewitz, and Jomini.
World War I: The study of the causes, course, and aftermath of World War I, including the role of new technologies such as machine guns, tanks, and chemical warfare.
World War II: The study of the causes, course, and aftermath of World War II, including the impact of new technologies such as aerial bombing and atomic weapons.
Cold War: The study of the political and military tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union from the end of World War II to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Global War on Terror: The study of the military campaigns and strategies used by Western powers in response to the spread of Islamic extremism in the 21st century.
Military Medicine: The study of the role of medicine and healthcare in military operations, including the development of battlefield medical techniques and the treatment of wounded soldiers.
Battle Analysis: A detailed study of a particular battle with an emphasis on strategy, tactics, and decision-making processes.
Military Campaigns: A study of the larger military operations that may involve multiple battles, movements, and logistical support.
Military Technology: A study of the technology used in war, including weapons, armor, communication, transportation, and logistics.
Military Sociology: A study of the sociological aspects of military life, such as the social structures, cultures, values, and identities that emerge within military organizations.
Naval History: A study of the naval operations, including tactics, logistics, and decision-making processes.
War and Society: A study of the social, cultural, economic, and political context of warfare, including the ways in which it has shaped and been shaped by societies.
Military Geography: A study of the geography of war, including the influence of terrain, climate, and geography on military operations.
Military Medicine: A study of the medical aspects of military history, such as the development of field hospitals, the treatment of wounds and diseases, and the evolution of military medicine.
Military Intelligence: A study of the intelligence operations, including espionage, reconnaissance, and communications management.
Military Diplomacy: A study of the diplomatic and political aspects of military history, such as the negotiations and agreements that have shaped military campaigns and conflicts.
"The development of first city-states, and then empires, allowed warfare to change dramatically."
"States produced sufficient agricultural surplus. This allowed full-time ruling elites and military commanders to emerge."
"While the bulk of military forces were still farmers..."
"These new armies were able to help states grow in size and become increasingly centralized."
"The end of antiquity is often equated with the Fall of Rome in 476 AD, the wars of the Eastern Roman Empire on its Southwestern Asian and North African borders, and the beginnings of the Muslim conquests in the 7th century."
"It can also be seen as ending of the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever-growing threat from the north in the 5th century..."
"The ancient period ends with the decline of the Gupta Empire (6th century) and the beginning of the Muslim conquests there from the 8th century."
"In Japan, the ancient period is considered to end with the rise of feudalism in the Kamakura period in the 12–13th century."
"Early ancient armies continued to primarily use bows and spears."
"The findings at the site of Nataruk in Turkana, Kenya, have been interpreted as evidence of inter-group conflict and warfare in antiquity."
"The infantries at this time would be divided into ranged and shock, with shock infantry either charging to cause penetration of the enemy line or hold their own."
"These forces would ideally be combined, thus presenting the opponent with a dilemma: group the forces and leave them vulnerable to ranged, or spread them out and make them vulnerable to shock."
"This balance would eventually change as technology allowed for chariots, cavalry, and artillery to play an active role on the field."
"No clear line can be drawn between ancient and medieval warfare."
"The characteristic properties of medieval warfare, notably heavy cavalry and siege engines such as the trebuchet were first introduced in Late Antiquity."
"The main division within the ancient period is at the beginning Iron Age with the introduction of cavalry (resulting in the decline of chariot warfare), of naval warfare (Sea Peoples), and the development of an industry based on ferrous metallurgy."
"The first military power to profit from these innovations was the Neo-Assyrian Empire..."
"...achieved a hitherto unseen extent of centralized control, the first 'world power' to extend over the entire Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia, the Levant and Egypt)."
"...the development of an industry based on ferrous metallurgy which allowed for the mass production of metal weapons and thus the equipment of large standing armies."