Techniques used to preserve ancient artifacts and structures.
Archaeological Methods and Techniques: It is an essential topic that covers all the techniques and tools used for archaeological excavation, and how they are used to preserve and protect archaeological sites.
History of Conservation and Preservation: This topic delves into the development of conservation and preservation practices, changes in conservation ethics, and the different areas of archaeological study.
Site management: Discusses the Conservation and preservation of sites and monuments, environmental monitoring, Risk assessments, and Disaster management.
Laws of Conservation: Highlights the role of legislation and ethical approaches to conservation, identifying laws, regulations that control conservation.
Conservation Chemistry and Material science: It explores various elements and materials used in different types of conservation, their properties, and reactions with various preservation agents.
Preservation Ethics and Practice: The role of conservation ethics, code of ethics in the conservation practice, and their impact on conservation.
Community Engagement: Involvement of local communities in heritage management, and how they contribute to the cultural heritage management process.
Conservation Documentation and Recording: Documentation of conservation work ensuring their control and visibility, including photography, databases, reports, and building plans.
Excavation and Post-Excavation Strategies: It covers how the manual techniques and fieldwork strategies impact preservation, resulting documentation, and post-excavation approaches.
Theory of Archaeological Heritage Conservation: Different theories underpinning cultural heritage conservation, including local and global communities' conservation approach.
Materials Conservation and Preservation: Discussions of conservation techniques such as cleaning, treating and stabilizing materials, including archaeological structures.
Interpretation of Archaeological Site: A Look at the history, development, and current interpretation techniques of archaeological research and cultural heritage management.
Digital Technology and Archaeological Conservation: Use of digital technology for documenting, preserving, and presenting cultural heritage, including 3D modeling, digital scanning and image processing.
Environmental Conservation and Preservation: The study of the role of conservation in the management of the environment and its components.
Sustainable Archaeology Conservation Practices: An Understanding of how to improve and sustain the conservation of heritage sites through sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.
Preventive Conservation: This type of conservation involves interventions that aim to stop or slow the process of deterioration in cultural heritage objects. It is done through environmental monitoring, proper handling and storage techniques, and regular maintenance.
Passive Conservation: Passive conservation is the least invasive form of conservation and involves the control of the environment and the reduction of all external factors that can cause deterioration. It is recommended for objects that are fragile, unstable or have a high degree of intrinsic value.
Active Conservation: This method involves more interventionist steps towards the preservation of cultural heritage objects. Active conservation methods include procedures such as cleaning, stabilizing and repairing damaged objects, and retouching or reintegration of missing parts.
Restoration: Restoration refers to the process of returning objects to their original state as closely as possible. This type of conservation often involves the replacement of missing parts or the reconstruction of an object to its original form.
Reconstruction: This type of conservation often involves rebuilding a missing part of an object using old techniques and materials that replicate the original.
Preservation: Preservation aims to protect cultural heritage sites, often landscapes or buildings, from the natural elements or from destructive human activities. It involves the minimization of external forces which would cause changes or damage to the site.
Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation involves improving the function, comfort, and safety of heritage buildings, while maintaining their historic significance.
Adaptive Reuse: Adaptive reuse involves adapting heritage buildings and sites for new uses, while still maintaining and preserving the original structure and its historical significance.
Repurposing: Repurposing involves designing new uses for heritage sites that might not have served their original purpose, such as a castle becoming a luxury hotel.
Documentation Conservation: This type of conservation involves the recording and documentation of cultural heritage objects, sites, and landscapes. This includes cataloging, photographing, mapping, and creating archival records to ensure their preservation for future generations.