"Classical antiquity is traditionally defined as the period between 8th century BC and the 6th century AD..."
Ancient political systems were shaped by scientific discoveries and technological advancements of the time. Learning about these innovations helps understand their impact on society and governance.
Physics: The study of matter and energy, including mechanics, heat, sound, light, and electricity.
Chemistry: The study of the properties, composition, and reaction of matter.
Biology: The study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and evolution.
Computer Science: The study of algorithms, programming, and computer systems.
Engineering: The application of scientific principles to design and build structures, machines, and systems.
Mathematics: The study of numbers, quantities, and shapes.
Environmental Science: The study of the interactions between living and non-living elements in the environment.
Materials Science: The study of the properties and behavior of different materials, including metals, plastics, ceramics, and composites.
Astronomy: The study of celestial objects and phenomena.
Psychology: The study of the human mind and behavior.
Artificial Intelligence: The development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Nanotechnology: The study and manipulation of materials on a microscopic scale.
Biotechnology: The use of living organisms to develop new products and technologies.
Genetics: The study of genes and heredity.
Medicine: The study and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and injuries.
Energy: The study of different sources and forms of energy, and their impact on the environment.
Robotics: The design and development of robots and other automated systems.
Agriculture: The study of plant and animal cultivation, including breeding, genetics, and ecological systems.
Geology: The study of the Earth's structure, composition, and history.
Meteorology: The study of the Earth's atmosphere and weather patterns.
"Science in classical antiquity encompasses inquiries into the workings of the world or universe aimed at both practical goals (e.g., establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses) as well as more abstract investigations belonging to natural philosophy."
"The ideas regarding nature that were theorized during this period were not limited to science but included myths as well as religion."
"Those who are now considered as the first scientists may have thought of themselves as natural philosophers, as practitioners of a skilled profession, or as followers of a religious tradition."
"Some of the more widely known figures active in this period include Hippocrates, Aristotle, Euclid, Archimedes, Hipparchus, Galen, and Ptolemy."
"Their works covered many different categories including mathematics, cosmology, medicine, and physics."
"Their contributions and commentaries spread throughout the Eastern, Islamic, and Latin worlds and contributed to the birth of modern science."
"Hippocrates" (quote indirectly refers to Hippocrates)
"Euclid" (quote indirectly refers to Euclid)
"Archimedes" (quote indirectly refers to Archimedes)
"Hipparchus" (quote indirectly refers to Hipparchus)
"Galen" (quote indirectly refers to Galen)
"Ptolemy" (quote indirectly refers to Ptolemy)
"...aimed at both practical goals (e.g., establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses)..."
"Their contributions and commentaries spread throughout the Eastern, Islamic, and Latin worlds..."
"...the period between 8th century BC and the 6th century AD..."
"...natural philosophers..."
"...practitioners of a skilled profession (e.g., physicians)..."
"...followers of a religious tradition (e.g., temple healers)."
"Their works covered many different categories including mathematics, cosmology, medicine, and physics."