"Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth."
Study natural features like rivers, mountains, deserts, and seas and understand how they influenced the movement of people and goods in the ancient world.
Landforms: This includes information regarding natural features like mountains, hills, plateaus, valleys, and other landforms.
Bodies of Water: This topic discusses various water sources such as streams, rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, and other natural water bodies.
Climate: This topic provides details about the weather patterns, precipitation, temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors that form a climate.
Vegetation: This includes the discussion of plant life and its distribution in various regions.
Soil: This topic talks about the composition and characteristics of the soil in different areas.
Geology: This covers the study of the earth's structure, rocks, minerals, and other geological features.
Biogeography: This discusses the study of the distribution of flora and fauna in different areas.
Paleogeography: This topic includes the study of the geography of the ancient times.
Topographic Maps: This includes the study and interpretation of maps that represent contours and elevations of natural features.
Remote Sensing: This includes the study of satellite imagery and other tools to understand natural features.
Geographic Information System (GIS): This includes the use of software to analyze, store, and interpret geographical data.
Geomorphology: This topic discusses the study of the processes that shape the earth's surface, like erosion, weathering, and tectonic activities.
Biodiversity: This includes the study of the variety of life forms in different regions.
Hydrology: This includes the study of water-related natural features like rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
Natural Hazards: This topic discusses natural phenomena such as volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other extreme events.
Mountains: High elevations of land with steep or sloping sides.
Rivers: Large bodies of water that flow from one location to another.
Lakes: Natural bodies of water that are surrounded by land.
Oceans: Large bodies of saltwater that cover most of Earth's surface.
Deserts: Barren land with little to no vegetation.
Islands: Land masses that are surrounded by water.
Plateaus: High flat areas of land that are elevated above their surroundings.
Valleys: Low areas of land that are often surrounded by mountains or hills.
Canyons: Deep gorges that have been carved out by a river or erosion.
Caves: Natural underground spaces that can be found in mountains, cliffs, or rock formations.
Waterfalls: Natural features where water cascades over a cliff.
Volcanoes: Mountains or hills that are formed from volcanic activity.
Fjords: Narrow coastal inlets that are surrounded by steep cliffs.
Peninsulas: Land masses that are surrounded by water on three sides.
Bays: Bodies of water that are partially enclosed by land.
Capes: Promontories of land that extend into a body of water.
Cliffs: Vertical or steep rock faces that form the sides of mountains or hills.
Glaciers: Large masses of ice that move slowly over land.
Geysers: Springs that shoot hot water and steam into the air.
Ponds: Small bodies of water that are surrounded by land.
"The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was as a title of a book by Greek scholar Eratosthenes (276–194 BC)."
"Geography has been called 'a bridge between natural science and social science disciplines.'"
"The concepts of geography (such as cartography) date back to the earliest attempts to understand the world spatially, with the earliest example of an attempted world map dating to the 9th century BCE in ancient Babylon."
"The core concepts of geography consistent between all approaches are a focus on space, place, time, and scale."
"Objects are not merely where they are, but also how they have changed and come to be."
"While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science."
"The history of geography as a discipline spans cultures and millennia, being independently developed by multiple groups."
"Geography has been cross-pollinated by trade between these groups."
"Geography is an extremely broad discipline with multiple approaches and modalities."
"There have been multiple attempts to organize the discipline, including the four traditions of geography, and into branches."
"Techniques employed can generally be broken down into quantitative and qualitative approaches, with many studies taking mixed-methods approaches."
"Common techniques include cartography, remote sensing, interviews, and surveys."
"Geography seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities."
"Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth."
"Many concepts [in geography] can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science."
"The history of geography as a discipline spans cultures and millennia."
"Geography seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities."
"The core concepts of geography consistent between all approaches are a focus on space, place, time, and scale."
"Geography has been called 'a bridge between natural science and social science disciplines.'"