Quote: "They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base."
Learning about the structure and function of DNA and RNA in genetic information transfer and protein synthesis.
Structure of nucleotides: Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. This topic covers their structure, including the sugar, base, and phosphate components.
Base pairing: The complementary base pairing of nucleotides is essential for the formation of the double helix structure of DNA, and base pairing plays a crucial role in many biological processes.
DNA replication: DNA replication is the process by which cells make copies of their DNA, and is a fundamental process in biology. This topic covers the enzymes, proteins, and mechanisms involved in DNA replication.
DNA transcription: DNA transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to synthesize RNA. This topic covers the enzymes, proteins, and mechanisms involved in transcription, including RNA polymerase.
RNA structure and function: RNA is a versatile molecule with many functions, including carrying genetic information, catalyzing chemical reactions, and regulating gene expression. This topic covers the structure and function of different types of RNA, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA.
DNA damage and repair: DNA can be damaged by a variety of factors, including radiation, chemicals, and errors during replication. This topic covers the mechanisms by which cells repair damaged DNA to maintain genomic integrity.
DNA recombination: DNA recombination is a process by which DNA molecules are broken and rejoined in a different order, leading to genetic variation. This topic covers the enzymes and proteins involved in DNA recombination, including homologous recombination and site-specific recombination.
Epigenetics: Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence itself, but rather by modifications to the DNA or histone proteins that regulate gene expression. This topic covers the various epigenetic mechanisms involved in gene regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA.
Genomics: Genomics is the study of the entire genetic material of an organism or group of organisms. This topic covers the techniques and tools used in genomics, including next-generation sequencing, genome assembly, and comparative genomics.
Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. This topic covers the various algorithms and tools used in bioinformatics, including sequence alignment, gene prediction, and functional annotation.
MicroRNA (miRNA): :.
Quote: "The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)."
Quote: "If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a version of ribose, the polymer is DNA."
Quote: "These acids are very common in all living things, where they create, encode, and store information in every living cell of every life-form on Earth."
Quote: "They carry information in cells and make up genetic material."
Quote: "In turn, they send and express that information inside and outside the cell nucleus."
Quote: "This gives the RNA and DNA their unmistakable 'ladder-step' order of nucleotides within their molecules."
Quote: "Both play a crucial role in directing protein synthesis."
Quote: "The bases found in RNA and DNA are: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil."
Quote: "Thymine occurs only in DNA."
Quote: "Uracil occurs only in RNA."
Quote: "Using amino acids and protein synthesis, the specific sequence in DNA of these nucleobase-pairs helps to keep and send coded instructions as genes."
Quote: "RNA usually forms a chain of single bases, whereas DNA forms a chain of base pairs."
Quote: "In RNA, base-pair sequencing helps to make new proteins that determine most chemical processes of all life forms."
Quote: "They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base."
Quote: "If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a version of ribose, the polymer is DNA."
Quote: "These acids...create, encode, and store information in every living cell of every life-form on Earth."
Quote: "Both play a crucial role in directing protein synthesis."
Quote: "This gives the RNA and DNA their unmistakable 'ladder-step' order of nucleotides within their molecules."
Quote: "They carry information in cells and make up genetic material...in every living cell of every life-form on Earth."