Learning how to name organic molecules in a consistent and systematic way.
Organic compounds: Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. They are found in living organisms and also in a number of commercial products.
Naming conventions: Naming conventions are the rules or guidelines used in organic chemistry to name different compounds.
Nomenclature: Nomenclature is the practice of assigning names to organic compounds.
Systematic naming: Systematic naming is a method of naming organic compounds that involves the use of prefixes, suffixes, and other naming conventions.
Functional groups: Functional groups are specific groups of atoms or bonds within a molecule that give it its unique chemical and physical properties.
Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Alkanes: Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
Alkenes: Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Alkynes: Alkynes are a class of hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
Halogenated hydrocarbons: Halogenated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine).
Alcohols: Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
Ethers: Ethers are organic compounds that contain an oxygen atom sandwiched between two carbon atoms.
Amines: Amines are organic compounds that contain an amino (-NH2) functional group.
Amides: Amides are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) and an amino (-NH2) group.
Carboxylic acids: Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl functional group (-COOH).
Esters: Esters are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) and an alkoxyl (-OR) group.
Ketones: Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms.
Aldehydes: Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom.
Heterocyclic compounds: Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds that contain at least one atom other than carbon in the ring.
Polycyclic compounds: Polycyclic compounds are organic compounds that contain multiple rings of atoms.
Common nomenclature: This type of nomenclature uses common names to describe organic compounds. For example, benzene is commonly known as “benzol.”.
IUPAC nomenclature: IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This type of nomenclature uses a systematic method to name organic compounds based on the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule.
Functional group nomenclature: This type of nomenclature is used to name organic compounds based on their functional groups. For example, alcohols are named by adding the suffix “-ol” to the root name of the corresponding hydrocarbon.
CAS Number: CAS stands for Chemical Abstracts Service. This is a unique identifier assigned to each chemical substance, and it is used to identify and track the use of chemicals across different industries.
Trade names: This is the name given to a compound by a specific company or organization. For example, Tylenol is a trade name for the pain reliever acetaminophen.
Synthetic Nomenclature: This type of nomenclature is used for naming synthetic or man-made compounds with systematic names by a specific company or organization.
Retrosynthetic Analysis: This type of nomenclature is used to plan the synthesis of organic compounds by breaking them down into simpler starting materials.
trivial nomenclature: It was used to give a compound a name based on its origin, color or any other property of significance.
stereochemical nomenclature: This type of nomenclature is used when referring to isomers that differ only in their stereochemistry.
Biochemical Nomenclature: This is a system of nomenclature that is used to name compounds found in living organisms. For example, amino acids are named based on their side chains and molecular structure.