"In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material."
The arrangement of atoms or molecules in a material, which affects their properties.
Atomic Structure: Includes the structure and behavior of individual atoms, including atomic models, electron arrangement, and basic quantum mechanics.
Bonding: Covers the formation and properties of different types of chemical bonds, such as ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
Crystallography: Deals with the geometric arrangement of atoms in crystals, including crystal symmetry, lattices, unit cells, and crystal defects.
Phase Diagrams: Provides an understanding of the relationships between different phases of matter, including solid, liquid, and gas, and how their properties change with temperature and pressure.
Thermodynamics: Focuses on energy transfer, heat flow, and chemical reactions within materials, including topics like enthalpy, entropy, and free energy.
Kinetics: Deals with the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions in materials, including topics like reaction pathways, activation energies, and reaction orders.
Electronic Properties: Explores the electrical behavior of materials, including their conductivity, band structure, and electronic states.
Magnetic Properties: Examines the magnetic behavior of materials, including their magnetization, magnetic ordering, and domain structure.
Optical Properties: Focuses on the interaction of materials with electromagnetic radiation, including topics like absorption, reflection, and refraction.
Mechanical Properties: Describes the strength, toughness, and flexibility of materials, including topics like elasticity, plasticity, and fracture mechanics.
Polymer Chemistry: Covers the synthesis, structure, and properties of polymer materials, including topics like molecular weight, branching, and copolymerization.
Nanomaterials: Deals with the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials with dimensions on the nanometer scale, including topics like quantum confinement, surface plasmonics, and nanodevices.
Crystal structure: A highly ordered three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules in a repeating pattern throughout the entire solid.
Amorphous structure: A structure that lacks long-range order, typically characterized by a random distribution of atoms or molecules within a material.
Polycrystalline Structure: A structure consisting of multiple crystal domains that differ in orientation and can be collectively described as a single material.
Single crystal structure: A crystal structure with no grain boundaries or other defects, characterized by perfect alignment of atoms throughout the material.
Nanocrystalline structure: A structure consisting of small crystal domains within a material, typically ranging in size from 2 to 100 nanometers.
Composite structure: A structure made up of two or more different materials combined at a microscopic level.
Microcrystalline structure: A structure consisting of relatively small crystals that are typically visible under a microscope.
Porous structure: A structure that has a network of pores or open spaces throughout the material, allowing for the passage of fluids or gases.
Fibrous structure: A structure consisting of long, thin fibers that are typically oriented in a particular direction.
Layered structure: A structure consisting of distinct layers within a material, typically with different compositions and/or lattice structures.
Liquid crystal structure: A structure in which molecules are ordered on a microscale, while still maintaining the free movement of a liquid.
Quasicrystalline structure: A structure with long-range order, but the pattern does not repeat in a periodic way.
Glassy structure: A structure that lacks the long-range order of a crystal but remains rigid due to atomic bonding.
Caged structure: A structure in which atoms or molecules are trapped inside a cage-like structure of another material.
Zeolite structure: A structure consisting of a three-dimensional network of silicate or aluminosilicate tetrahedra with pores that can allow for the passage of molecules.
Defective structure: A structure with intentional or unintentional defects, such as substitutions or vacancies, which can have a significant impact on a material's properties.
Disordered structure: A structure that has no long-range order, yet remains a solid due to intermolecular bonding.
Spin glass structure: A magnetic structure in which magnetic moments of atoms or molecules are randomly oriented and do not order at low temperatures.
Polymeric structure: A structure made up of long chains of repeating units.
Helical structure: A structure with a spiral shape, such as a DNA molecule or a protein.
Honeycomb structure: A structure consisting of adjacent hexagonal or triangular cells that form a repeating pattern throughout the material.
"Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter."
"The smallest group of particles in the material that constitutes this repeating pattern is the unit cell of the structure."
"The unit cell completely reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal, which is built up by repetitive translation of the unit cell along its principal axes."
"The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice."
"The lengths of the principal axes, or edges, of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants, also called lattice parameters or cell parameters."
"The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups."
"All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by the 230 space groups."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic band structure, and optical transparency."
"The ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material is determined by the crystal structure."
"The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups."
"The unit cell completely reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal."
"The lengths of the principal axes, or edges, of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants."
"The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice."
"The unit cell is built up by repetitive translation along its principal axes."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties."
"All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by the 230 space groups."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic band structure, and optical transparency."
"The ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules is the fundamental feature of crystal structures."
"Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space."