- "Catalysis is the process of change in rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst."
Substances that increase reaction rates without being consumed in the reaction.
Reaction rates: A measure of how quickly reactants are converted to products in a chemical reaction.
Activation energy: The minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy without being consumed in the reaction.
Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
Homogeneous catalysis: A type of catalysis where the catalyst and reactants are in the same phase.
Heterogeneous catalysis: A type of catalysis where the catalyst and reactants are in different phases.
Surface area: The amount of exposed surface of a catalyst, which affects its effectiveness in catalyzing a reaction.
Mechanisms: The sequence of steps involved in a chemical reaction, including the role of catalysts.
Rate laws: Equations that describe the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentrations of reactants and catalysts.
Poisoning: The process of inactivating a catalyst by introducing impurities or blocking its active sites.
Selectivity: The ability of a catalyst to favor certain products in a reaction.
Adsorption: The ability of a catalyst to attract and hold reactant molecules on its surface.
Deactivation: The loss of catalytic activity over time due to factors such as exposure to high temperatures or poisoning.
Energy diagrams: Graphical representations of the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction in the presence of a catalyst.
Catalyst design: The process of developing catalysts with optimal properties for specific reactions or applications.
Homogeneous catalysts: These are catalysts that are present in the same phase as the reacting substances. They exist as either liquid, gas or solid state.
Heterogeneous catalysts: These are catalysts that are present in a different phase than the reacting substances. They exist as either gas or solid state.
Acid catalysts: These are catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction by donating protons to the reactants. They are commonly used in organic reactions.
Base catalysts: These are catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction by accepting protons from the reactants. They are commonly used in organic reactions.
Enzymatic catalysts: These are catalysts that are present in living organisms and perform specific biochemical reactions.
Photochemical catalysts: These are catalysts that use light energy to initiate chemical reactions.
Electrochemical catalysts: These are catalysts that use electrical energy to initiate chemical reactions.
Bimetallic catalysts: These are catalysts that contain two different metals and are used to catalyze various chemical reactions.
Zeolite catalysts: These are catalysts that have a porous structure and are used in refining and petrochemical industry.
Nano catalysts: These are catalysts in a nanometer range, and they are used in various industrial processes.
- "Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it."
- "If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice."
- "Mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate."
- "Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase, or heterogeneous, whose components are not in the same phase."
- "Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category."
- "Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture."
- "The term 'catalyst' is derived from Greek καταλύειν, kataluein, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'."
- "The concept of catalysis was invented by chemist Elizabeth Fulhame."
- "Elizabeth Fulhame's novel work in oxidation-reduction experiments."
- "Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst."
- "Homogeneous catalysis is when the components are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant."
- "Heterogeneous catalysis is when the components are not in the same phase."
- "Mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate."
- "Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it."
- "Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture."
- "The term 'catalyst' is derived from Greek καταλύειν, kataluein, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'."
- "The concept of catalysis was invented by chemist Elizabeth Fulhame."
- "If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice."
- "Elizabeth Fulhame's novel work in oxidation-reduction experiments."