"The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, arranges the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups")."
A tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties.
Atoms: Fundamental units of matter that make up all elements in the periodic table.
Elements: Substances that cannot be broken down further by chemical means and are arranged in the periodic table.
Chemical bonds: Formed between atoms to create molecules and compounds.
Periodic trends: Predictable patterns that emerge in the properties of elements as they are arranged in the periodic table.
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids: Categories of elements based on their physical and chemical properties.
Electron configuration: The arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule.
Valence electrons: Outermost electrons of an element that determine its chemical properties and reactivity.
Lewis structures: Diagrams that show the number of valence electrons and the bonding structure of molecules and compounds.
Ionic compounds: Compounds formed by the transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals.
Covalent compounds: Compounds formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals.
Chemical reactions: The process of chemical transformation where bonds are broken and formed between atoms and molecules.
Acids and bases: Substances that form hydrogen ions (acids) or hydroxide ions (bases) in solutions.
Oxidation and reduction: Transfer of electrons in a chemical reaction between reacting species.
Transition metals: Elements located in the middle of the periodic table that have special properties and complex chemistry.
Noble gases: Unreactive elements found in far-right of the periodic table with full valence electron shells.
Mendeleev's periodic table: It was the first periodic table created by Dmitry Mendeleev in 1869. He arranged the elements in order of their increasing atomic weights and grouped them into periodic rows and columns according to their chemical and physical properties.
Modern periodic table: The modern periodic table is an upgraded version of Mendeleev's periodic table, which is based on the atomic structure of elements. It is arranged in order of increasing atomic number, and the elements are organized into groups and periods according to their electron configuration and chemical properties.
Short form periodic table: The short form periodic table is a simplified version of the modern periodic table, which includes only the symbol and atomic number of each element. It is used for quick reference and is useful for students who are just beginning to learn about the periodic table.
Expanded periodic table: The expanded periodic table is an extension of the modern periodic table, which includes elements that have yet to be discovered or synthesized. It is created by continuing the pattern of the periodic table beyond element 118.
Spiral periodic table: The spiral periodic table is a unique way of representing the periodic table, where the elements are arranged in a spiral shape using increasing atomic numbers. It emphasizes the periodic nature of chemical properties and shows the repeating pattern of elements.
Left-step periodic table: The left-step periodic table is a modification of the modern periodic table, where the lanthanides and actinides are placed in a separate f-block, to create space for the elements with an atomic number greater than 100.
Janet's left-step periodic table: Janet's left-step periodic table is also known as the long form periodic table, where the elements in each row or period are differentiated with the help of a quantum number. The elements with the same values of this number appear in the same diagonal.
3D periodic table: The 3D periodic table is a unique way of visualizing the periodic table, where each element is represented as a 3D block, with dimensions proportional to its atomic number. It shows the periodic trends in a more intuitive way, and makes it easy to compare the properties of different elements.
Mendeleev’s Helix: Mendeleev's Helix is a spiral-shaped representation of the periodic table, where the elements are arranged in a helical pattern. The elements are grouped according to their valence electron configuration, and the periodicity is indicated by a striking similarity at the points in the spiral where the corresponding groups converge.
Electron configuration periodic table: The electron configuration periodic table displays the electron configuration of each element in its corresponding square. This type of periodic table emphasizes the relationship between the electron configuration of each element and its chemical behavior.
Eco-friendly periodic table: The eco-friendly periodic table emphasizes the importance of sustainable development by including elements that are used in green technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, and electric cars.
Physicist's periodic table: The physicist's periodic table is a variation of the periodic table that emphasizes the quantum mechanical properties of elements, rather than their chemical behavior. It shows the elements arranged according to their electronic orbitals and subshells, with the main groups labeled by their valence electrons.
Alkali metal-centered periodic table: The alkali metal-centered periodic table is a variation of the periodic table where the alkali metals (group 1) are in the center of the table rather than the left. This type of periodic table highlights the importance of the alkali metals in various chemical reactions.
Atomic radius periodic table: The atomic radius periodic table shows the size of each atom, with the smallest atom at the top and the largest at the bottom. This type of periodic table helps to understand the trends in atomic size across the periods and groups of the periodic table.
Polarizability periodic table: The polarizability periodic table shows the tendency of an element to deform its electronic cloud when subjected to an electric field. This type of periodic table is useful in understanding the intermolecular forces between atoms and molecules.
Electronegativity periodic table: The electronegativity periodic table shows the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when bonded to another atom. This type of periodic table is useful in predicting the type of chemical bond that will occur between two atoms.
Radioactive periodic table: The radioactive periodic table shows the radioactivity of each element along the periodic table. It highlights the fact that most of the radioactive elements in the periodic table are located towards the bottom and the right of the periodic table.
Petrological periodic table: The petrological periodic table is used in petrology, which is the study of rocks and their formation. It divides the elements into major rock-forming elements, trace elements, and incompatible elements, based on their solubility and abundance in rocks.
Metalloids periodic table: The metalloids periodic table shows the elements that have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals. This type of periodic table is useful in understanding the properties of semiconductors, which are important in electronics.
Webelements periodic table: Webelements periodic table is an online periodic table that provides a wealth of information on each element, such as its properties, history, and uses. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers alike.
"It is a depiction of the periodic law, which says that when the elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers an approximate recurrence of their properties is evident."
"The table is divided into four roughly rectangular areas called blocks."
"Elements in the same group tend to show similar chemical characteristics."
"Metallic character increases going down a group and decreases from left to right across a period."
"Nonmetallic character increases going from the bottom left of the periodic table to the top right."
"The first periodic table to become generally accepted was that of the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869."
"He formulated the periodic law as a dependence of chemical properties on atomic mass."
"Mendeleev successfully used the periodic law to predict some properties of some of the missing elements."
"The periodic law was recognized as a fundamental discovery in the late 19th century."
"It was explained early in the 20th century, with the discovery of atomic numbers and associated pioneering work in quantum mechanics both ideas serving to illuminate the internal structure of the atom."
"A recognisably modern form of the table was reached in 1945 with Glenn T. Seaborg's discovery that the actinides were in fact f-block rather than d-block elements."
"The periodic table and law are now a central and indispensable part of modern chemistry."
"The periodic table continues to evolve with the progress of science."
"Today, while all the first 118 elements are known, thereby completing the first seven rows of the table..."
"...chemical characterisation is still needed for the heaviest elements to confirm that their properties match their positions."
"It is not yet known how far the table will go beyond these seven rows..."
"Some scientific discussion also continues regarding whether some elements are correctly positioned in today's table."
"Many alternative representations of the periodic law exist..."
"...and there is some discussion as to whether there is an optimal form of the periodic table."