- "Catalysis is the process of change in rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst."
The use of a catalyst to promote efficient and selective chemical reactions while minimizing waste and energy usage.
Basic Principles of Catalysis: This topic covers the fundamental principles of catalysis, including types of catalysts, reaction mechanisms, and the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.
Types of Catalysis: This topic covers different types of catalysis, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic catalysis.
Kinetics of Catalytic Reactions: This topic covers the study of reaction rates and how they are affected by catalysts.
Green Chemistry: This refers to the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.
Catalyst Design & Synthesis: This covers the design and preparation of catalysts, including the selection of metal and support materials and the optimization of conditions for catalyst synthesis.
Catalyst Characterization: This topic covers the different techniques used to characterize catalysts, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy.
Scale-up of Catalytic Processes: This topic deals with the challenges associated with scaling up catalytic processes from the laboratory to the industrial scale.
Catalytic Reactors: This topic covers different types of catalytic reactors, such as fixed-bed, fluidized bed, and packed-bed reactors.
Industrial Applications of Catalysis: This topic covers the use of catalysis in industrial processes, such as the production of chemicals, fuels, and pharmaceuticals.
Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: This topic covers the causes of catalyst deactivation and the methods used to regenerate or replace catalysts.
Computational Catalysis: This refers to the use of computational methods, such as molecular modeling and simulation, to understand and design catalysts and reactions.
Sustainable Chemistry: This topic covers the concept of sustainability in chemistry and how catalysis can contribute to sustainable chemical processes.
Biocatalysis: This refers to the use of enzymes or microorganisms as catalysts in chemical reactions, and their advantages over traditional chemical catalysts.
Photocatalysis: This refers to the use of light to activate catalysts in chemical reactions and the applications of photocatalysis in green chemistry.
Electrocatalysis: This refers to the use of electrical energy to activate catalysts in chemical reactions, and the potential applications of electrocatalysis in sustainable chemical processes.
Homogeneous catalysis: In this type of catalysis, the reactants and the catalyst are in the same phase. The catalyst is dissolved in a solvent along with the reactants. Common examples include acid-base catalysis and metal complex catalysis.
Heterogeneous catalysis: In this type of catalysis, the reactants and the catalyst are in different phases. The catalyst is typically a solid, while the reactants are either gases or liquids. Common examples include the use of metals like platinum and palladium, as well as metal oxides like silica and alumina.
Enzymatic catalysis: In this type of catalysis, enzymes are used as catalysts to speed up a chemical reaction. This type of catalysis is commonly used in the food industry to produce products like cheese and beer.
Photo-catalysis: This type of catalysis involves the use of light to initiate a chemical reaction. This type of catalysis is often used in environmental applications to break down pollutants.
Biocatalysis: This type of catalysis uses whole cells or isolated enzymes to catalyze a specific reaction. Biocatalysts are frequently used in the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
Acid catalysis: In this type of catalysis, an acid is used as a catalyst to promote a reaction. This type of reaction is often used in organic synthesis.
Base catalysis: In this type of catalysis, a base is used as a catalyst to promote a reaction. This type of reaction is often used in organic synthesis.
Redox catalysis: This type of catalysis involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. This type of catalysis is often used in the production of fuels like ethanol and biodiesel.
Organocatalysis: In this type of catalysis, a small organic molecule is used as a catalyst to promote a reaction. This type of catalysis has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its ability to promote enantioselective reactions.
Immobilized catalysis: In this type of catalysis, the catalyst is immobilized on a solid support such as a resin or a membrane. This type of catalysis is frequently used in industrial processes to increase the efficiency of the reaction.
- "Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it."
- "If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice."
- "Mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate."
- "Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase, or heterogeneous, whose components are not in the same phase."
- "Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category."
- "Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture."
- "The term 'catalyst' is derived from Greek καταλύειν, kataluein, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'."
- "The concept of catalysis was invented by chemist Elizabeth Fulhame."
- "Elizabeth Fulhame's novel work in oxidation-reduction experiments."
- "Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst."
- "Homogeneous catalysis is when the components are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant."
- "Heterogeneous catalysis is when the components are not in the same phase."
- "Mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate."
- "Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it."
- "Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture."
- "The term 'catalyst' is derived from Greek καταλύειν, kataluein, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'."
- "The concept of catalysis was invented by chemist Elizabeth Fulhame."
- "If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice."
- "Elizabeth Fulhame's novel work in oxidation-reduction experiments."