"Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements."
Study of isotopes and their applications in determining geological processes and environmental changes.
Atomic structure: Understanding the basic structure of atoms and the arrangement of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) in the nucleus and electron shells.
Isotopes: Knowing what isotopes are and how they differ from one another, including their different numbers of neutrons.
Radioactivity: Understanding the basic principles of radioactive decay and how it affects isotopes.
Stable isotopes: Knowing the difference between stable and unstable isotopes and the different ways they can be analyzed.
Isotope fractionation: Understanding how isotopes can fractionate, or separate, based on different physical and chemical processes.
Isotope geochemistry: Applying isotopes to the study of geologic processes, including but not limited to geochronology, paleoclimate, and paleogeography.
Isotope ratios: Understanding how isotope ratios are used to infer certain processes or events, such as past temperature or ocean circulation changes.
Mass spectrometry: Knowing the basic principles of mass spectrometry, a technique used to measure isotope ratios in geochemical samples.
Radiometric dating: Knowing the basic principles of radiometric dating, a technique used to determine the age of rocks and minerals based on the decay of unstable isotopes.
Cosmogenic isotopes: Understanding the use of cosmogenic isotopes in dating, including how they are produced in rocks by cosmic rays, and how they can be used to date surface exposure and erosion.
Carbon-14: A radioactive isotope of carbon that is used for radiocarbon dating.
Oxygen-18: A heavier and rarer isotope of oxygen than the more abundant Oxygen-16. It is used to study water cycles and climate.
Uranium-238: A radioactive isotope of uranium that has a half-life of 4.5 billion years. It is used for radiometric dating.
Lead-206: A stable isotope of lead that is used to date rocks and minerals.
Nitrogen-15: A rare isotope of nitrogen that is used to study nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
Strontium-87: A radioactive isotope of strontium that is used to date rocks and minerals.
Helium-3: A rare isotope of helium that is used to study the mantle beneath the Earth's crust.
Potassium-40: A radioactive isotope of potassium that has a long half-life and is used to date older rocks and minerals.
Chlorine-36: A radioactive isotope of chlorine that has a half-life of 300,000 years. It is used to study groundwater systems.
Samarium-147: A stable isotope of samarium that is used to study the age of rocks and minerals.
"Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry."
"Variations in isotopic abundance can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between them."
"Stable isotope geochemistry is largely concerned with isotopic variations arising from mass-dependent isotope fractionation."
"Radiogenic isotope geochemistry is concerned with the products of natural radioactivity."
"Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements."
"Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry."
"Variations in isotopic abundance can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between them."
"Stable isotope geochemistry is largely concerned with isotopic variations arising from mass-dependent isotope fractionation."
"Radiogenic isotope geochemistry is concerned with the products of natural radioactivity."
"Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements."
"Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry."
"Variations in isotopic abundance can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between them."
"Stable isotope geochemistry is largely concerned with isotopic variations arising from mass-dependent isotope fractionation."
"Radiogenic isotope geochemistry is concerned with the products of natural radioactivity."
"Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements."
"Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry."
"Variations in isotopic abundance can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between them."
"Stable isotope geochemistry is largely concerned with isotopic variations arising from mass-dependent isotope fractionation."
"Radiogenic isotope geochemistry is concerned with the products of natural radioactivity."