- "Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology, and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action." - "Pharmacology is the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology." - "The field encompasses drug composition and properties, functions, sources, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities."
Understanding the principles of drug chemistry and toxicology, including drug identification, drug dependence, and analysis of body fluids for drug detection.
Introduction to Pharmacology: Understanding the different types of drugs, drug classifications, and how they affect the body.
Chemical Properties of Drugs: Examining the chemical properties of drugs with regards to solubility, pH, and polarity.
Drug Synthesis: Examining the synthesis of drugs in the laboratory.
Drug Extraction and Purification: Identifying methods to extract and purify drugs from different types of matrices.
Spectroscopy: Understanding how infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) are used in identifying unknown substances.
Chromatography: Understanding how different types of chromatography methods including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) can be used to separate and identify drugs.
Forensic Toxicology: Understanding the fundamentals of forensic toxicology and how it can be applied to drug chemistry.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis: Learning how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs in a variety of matrices.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body, as well as how they interact with the body.
Drug Interactions: Understanding how different drugs can interact with each other when used together.
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Understanding the impact of drug abuse and addiction on the body as well as societal and legal implications.
Environmental and forensic analysis: Using analytical techniques for the detection and measurement of drugs and metabolites in the environment, and its implications in forensic investigations.
Analytical standards and quality control: Implementing analytical standards and quality control protocols to ensure accuracy and reliability of results.
Legal and Regulatory Considerations: Understanding the legal and regulatory considerations in drug chemistry, including chain of custody, accreditation, and courtroom testimony.
Narcotics Chemistry: Involves the analysis of controlled substances such as heroin, cocaine, and morphine.
Toxicology Chemistry: Involves analyzing the body's fluids and tissues to determine the presence of drugs, toxins, and other substances that may have caused illness or death.
Analytical Chemistry: Includes the development, validation, and application of laboratory techniques for detecting and quantifying drugs and their metabolites in biological specimens.
Chemistry of Explosives: Involves the identification and analysis of explosive materials and their residues.
Instrumental Analysis: Involves the use of analytical instruments such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance to analyze drug samples.
Pharmaceuticals Chemistry: Involves the analysis of prescription medications and the detection of counterfeit drugs.
Ballistics Chemistry: This field involves the analysis of firearms, ammunition, and other related evidence to determine if a firearm was used in a crime.
Arson and Fire Analysis: Involves the analysis of fire debris and accelerant residues to determine if a fire was intentionally set.
Environmental Chemistry: Involves the identification and analysis of pollutants, chemicals, and other compounds that may be present in environmental samples.
Paint and Polymer Chemistry: Involves the analysis of paint samples and other polymer materials for forensic purposes.
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Involves examining bloodstains left at crime scenes to determine the direction, angle, and velocity of the blood's origin.
Physical Testing: This includes various physical tests, such as density, solubility, and boiling point determination, to help identify unknown substances.
DNA Analysis: Involves the extraction and analysis of DNA from biological samples to help identify suspects.
Trace Evidence Analysis: Involves the examination and analysis of small particles or materials found at crime scenes, such as fibers, glass, and hair.
Digital Forensics: Involves the extraction and analysis of digital information from devices such as computers and cell phones for forensic purposes.
- "A drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism." - "Sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species."
- "It is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function." - "Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug."
- "Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals." - "In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings."
- "The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics." - "Pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems."
- "Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems." - "Pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors."
- "Pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug." - "Pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems."
- "Pharmacy... is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings." - "Whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role."
- "The primary contrast between the two is their distinctions between direct-patient care, pharmacy practice, and the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology." - "Pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings."
- "Pharmacology is concerned with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals."
- "The field encompasses drug composition and properties, functions, sources, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities."
- "Pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems."
- "A drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism."
- "Pharmacology is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function."
- "Pharmacology is the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology."
- "Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems."
- "Pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug."
- "Pharmacology deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals."
- "If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals."
- "Pharmacy... is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings."