"Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter."
Understanding the principles and applications of different analytical techniques used in forensic chemistry, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
Chromatography: A technique to separate components of a mixture based on their affinity towards a stationary and a mobile phase.
Mass spectrometry: A technique to identify unknown compounds by measuring their mass-to-charge ratios after ionization.
Spectrophotometry: A technique to measure the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation by a sample.
Chemical reagents: A range of compounds used to detect different functional groups with color changes or chemical reactions.
Microscopy: A tool used to examine the structure and composition of small samples with high magnification.
Quantitative analysis: A method to determine the amount of a substance in a sample.
Qualitative analysis: A method to identify the presence of specific substances in a sample.
Instrumentation: The use and maintenance of analytical tools such as spectrometers, chromatographs, and microscopes.
Sample preparation: The process of preparing a sample for a particular analytical technique.
Forensic analysis: The application of analytical techniques to legal investigations.
Toxicology: The study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms.
Drug analysis: The identification and quantification of illicit substances in samples.
Arson analysis: The use of analytical techniques to determine the cause of fires.
Trace analysis: The detection and identification of small amounts of substances in samples.
DNA analysis: The use of DNA profiling to identify individuals or evidence in criminal investigations.
Gas Chromatography: Separates and identifies individual components in a mixture.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Also used for separation and identification of components in a mixture, but using a liquid solvent instead of gas.
Mass Spectrometry: Identify and measure the masses of individual molecules.
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy: Analysis of light absorption and transmission by a sample to determine its components.
Infrared Spectroscopy: Measures infrared radiation absorbed by the sample to determine its structure.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Measures the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei to determine molecular structure.
X-Ray Diffraction: Determines the arrangement of atoms in a crystal structure.
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: High-resolution analysis of molecular vibrations to identify sample components.
Raman Spectroscopy: Measures the frequency shift of scattered light to identify sample components.
Elemental Analysis: Determines the concentrations of specific elements within a sample.
Surface Analysis: Determines the composition, structure, and reactivity of a surface.
Capillary Electrophoresis: Analyzes the charge or size of components in a mixture for separation and identification.
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography: Analyzes the decomposition of a sample at high temperature, producing fragments that can be analyzed by gas chromatography for identification.
Immunoassay: Analyzes the activity of antibodies or antigens in a sample for identification.
Thermal Analysis: Determines changes in physical or chemical properties of a sample as it is heated or cooled.
Electrochemistry: Measures the flow of electricity through a sample for analysis of its properties.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Analyzes the light produced by a laser beam on a sample to identify components.
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Measures the radioactive decay of isotopes in a sample for identification and dating purposes.
DNA Analysis: Analyses the genetic material in a sample for identification or forensic purposes.
"Analytical chemistry consists of classical, wet chemical methods and modern, instrumental methods."
"Separation isolates analytes."
"Qualitative analysis identifies analytes."
"Quantitative analysis determines the numerical amount or concentration."
"Classical qualitative methods use separations such as precipitation, extraction, and distillation."
"Identification may be based on differences in color, odor, melting point, boiling point, solubility, radioactivity or reactivity."
"Classical quantitative analysis uses mass or volume changes to quantify amount."
"Instrumental methods may be used to separate samples using chromatography, electrophoresis or field flow fractionation."
"Often the same instrument can separate, identify and quantify an analyte."
"Analytical chemistry is also focused on improvements in experimental design, chemometrics, and the creation of new measurement tools."
"Analytical chemistry has broad applications to medicine, science, and engineering."
"Classical, wet chemical methods and modern, instrumental methods."
"Then qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed, often with the same instrument and may use light interaction, heat interaction, electric fields or magnetic fields."
"Instrumental methods may be used to separate samples using chromatography, electrophoresis or field flow fractionation."
"Classical quantitative analysis uses mass or volume changes to quantify amount."
"Analytical chemistry is also focused on improvements in experimental design, chemometrics, and the creation of new measurement tools."
"Analytical chemistry has broad applications to medicine, science, and engineering."
"Identification may be based on differences in color, odor, melting point, boiling point, solubility, radioactivity or reactivity."
"Quantitative analysis determines the numerical amount or concentration."