- "Catalysis is the process of change in rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst."
Substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction.
Catalysis: The process of accelerating a chemical reaction by a catalyst.
Types of Catalysts: Homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic catalysts.
Mechanisms of Catalysis: How catalysts work to lower activation energy and increase the rate of reaction.
Activation Energy: The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Reaction Rates: The measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place.
Product Selectivity: The ability of a catalyst to produce specific products from a reaction.
Deactivation: The loss of catalytic activity due to poisoning, fouling, or changes in structure.
Catalytic Converters: Devices used in vehicles to convert harmful exhaust gas pollutants into less harmful compounds.
Enzyme Catalysis: The role of enzymes in catalyzing biological reactions.
Industrial Catalysis: The use of catalysts in the production of chemicals and fuels in various industries.
Homogeneous catalysts: These are catalysts that have the same phase as the reactants. They are often used in liquid-phase reactions and can help speed up the reaction by forming new intermediates that lower the activation energy.
Heterogeneous catalysts: These are catalysts that have a different phase than the reactants. They are often used in gas-phase reactions and can help speed up the reaction by increasing the surface area for the reaction to take place.
Acid-base catalysts: These are catalysts that are involved in acid-base reactions. They help to facilitate the transfer of protons and can increase the rate at which the reaction takes place.
Enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts that are involved in a wide range of biological processes. They work by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place.
Photo-catalysts: These are catalysts that use light to drive a chemical reaction. They are often used in the production of hydrogen from water, and can help to increase the efficiency of the reaction.
Electro-catalysts: These are catalysts that use an electrical current to drive a chemical reaction. They are often used in the production of hydrogen from water, and can help to increase the efficiency of the reaction.
Redox catalysts: These are catalysts that are involved in redox reactions. They can help to facilitate electron transfer, which can increase the rate at which the reaction takes place.
Selective catalysts: These are catalysts that are designed to only react with a specific type of compound. They can be used to selectively remove certain compounds from a mixture, or to selectively produce a specific product from a mixture of reactants.
- "Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it."
- "If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice."
- "Mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate."
- "Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase, or heterogeneous, whose components are not in the same phase."
- "Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category."
- "Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture."
- "The term 'catalyst' is derived from Greek καταλύειν, kataluein, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'."
- "The concept of catalysis was invented by chemist Elizabeth Fulhame."
- "Elizabeth Fulhame's novel work in oxidation-reduction experiments."
- "Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst."
- "Homogeneous catalysis is when the components are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant."
- "Heterogeneous catalysis is when the components are not in the same phase."
- "Mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate."
- "Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it."
- "Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture."
- "The term 'catalyst' is derived from Greek καταλύειν, kataluein, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'."
- "The concept of catalysis was invented by chemist Elizabeth Fulhame."
- "If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice."
- "Elizabeth Fulhame's novel work in oxidation-reduction experiments."