"Resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures into a resonance hybrid."
A way of representing the distribution of electrons in a molecule when it cannot be adequately described by a single Lewis structure.
Lewis structures: Representations of molecules or ions that show the positions of all atoms and the bonds between them using lines.
Formal charge: The charge assigned to each atom in a Lewis structure to calculate its stability.
Octet rule: Many elements tend to form compounds such that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, which contributes to their stability.
Resonance: The phenomenon where two or more Lewis structures represent the same molecule or ion, with the same placement of atoms but different arrangements of electrons.
Delocalization: Electrons in a molecule or ion move freely throughout the molecule or ion, increasing stability.
Hybridization: The process of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can bond with other atoms.
Pi bonds: Double bonds or triple bonds in which electrons are shared not only by the two atoms but also by the space around them.
Conjugation: The presence of multiple double or triple bonds that are separated by only one single bond, creating a continuous system of pi bonds.
Aromaticity: A property of a molecule or an ion, which has a ring or cyclic arrangement of atoms with alternating double bonds or a negative charge, that confers exceptional stability.
Energetics of resonance: The extra energy required to separate a resonance hybrid into its individual Lewis structures, which explains why resonance helps to stabilize molecules and ions.
Single bond: A single bond is the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms.
Double bond: A double bond is the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Triple bond: A triple bond is the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Pi bond: A pi bond is created by the overlap of two p orbitals, resulting in the sharing of electron density parallel to the axis connecting the two bonded atoms.
Sigma bond: A sigma bond is created by the overlap of two atomic orbitals, resulting in the sharing of electron density along the axis connecting the two atoms.
Aromatic ring: An aromatic ring is a cyclic structure containing alternating double bonds, resulting in a delocalized ring of electrons.
Non-aromatic ring: A non-aromatic ring is a cyclic structure containing only single bonds or alternating single and double bonds without delocalized electrons.
Resonance hybrid: A resonance hybrid is a combination of two or more resonance structures, representing the true distribution of electrons in a molecule.
"It has particular value for analyzing delocalized electrons where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure."
"Resonance structures are also variously known as resonance forms or canonical structures."
"A resonance hybrid is a combination of several contributing structures into a hybrid structure."
"Resonance is described in valence bond theory."
"Resonance is used when the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure."
"Yes, resonance is considered the accurate structure for a compound."
"It has particular value for analyzing delocalized electrons where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure."
"Resonance is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures into a resonance hybrid."
"The purpose is to describe bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions."
"Resonance provides a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions that cannot be fully explained by a single structure."
"Resonance structures are also known as resonance forms or canonical structures."
"Valence bond theory describes the bonding in resonance structures."
"No, delocalized electrons and complex bonding require the use of resonance structures."
"Understanding the resonance structures helps determine the stability of certain molecules or polyatomic ions."
"Yes, resonance contributions can influence the reactivity of certain molecular species."
"No, resonance structures are theoretical constructs used to describe bonding."
"Having an accurate structure allows for a better understanding of a compound's properties and behavior."
"Resonance is commonly used in organic chemistry to explain reactions and stability of compounds."
"Resonance provides a more comprehensive description of chemical bonding by considering the combination of multiple contributing structures."