"Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation."
The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. Topics may include the absorption, emission, and scattering of radiation, as well as radiative transfer through media such as dust and gas.
Electromagnetic Spectrum: Understanding the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma-ray) and their interaction with matter is crucial in understanding radiative transfer.
Blackbody Radiation: A theoretical radiation spectrum emitted by an object that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation. It is a fundamental concept in radiative transfer and helps in understanding how radiation is emitted by objects in the universe.
Stefan-Boltzmann Law: A law that describes the relationship between the temperature of an object and its radiated energy. It is used to calculate the total energy emitted by a body and is crucial in understanding energy transfer in astrophysical environments.
Planck's Law: A law which describes the spectral distribution of blackbody radiation. It is used to calculate the amount of radiation emitted by an object at a certain temperature and wavelength.
Kirchhoff's Laws: Three laws which define the behavior of radiation and its interaction with matter. They are used to determine the intensity of radiation absorbed and emitted by a body.
Radiative Transfer Equation: A mathematical equation that describes how radiation is transported through a medium. It is used to study the transport of radiation in astrophysical environments and can be applied to a variety of systems.
Optical Depth: A parameter that describes the opacity of a medium to radiation. It is used to study the absorption and scattering of radiation in astrophysical environments.
Scattering: A process in which radiation changes direction after interacting with matter. It is an important process in radiative transfer and helps to understand how radiation is transported in astrophysical environments.
Absorption: A process in which radiation is absorbed by matter. It is used to study the interaction of radiation with different types of astrophysical matter.
Emission: The process of radiative energy being emitted from matter. It is used to study the emission of radiation by different types of astrophysical matter.
Atomic Spectra: The spectral lines that are emitted by atoms as a result of electrons transitioning from one energy level to another. It is used to study the radiation emitted by astrophysical objects and to identify different types of matter.
Radiation Hydrodynamics: A field that combines the study of fluid dynamics and radiative transfer to study the behavior of gases and radiation in astrophysical environments.
Magnetohydrodynamics: A field that combines the study of fluid dynamics and magnetic fields to study the behavior of plasmas in astrophysical environments. It is used to study the transport of radiation in magnetic fields.
Radiative Cooling: The process of cooling a gas by radiation. It is used to study the cooling of astrophysical systems such as stars and galaxies.
Radiative Transfer Modeling: The process of using mathematical models to simulate the transport of radiation in astrophysical environments. It is used to study the behavior of radiation in complex systems and to test theoretical models.
Absorption: This is the process where a photon of a certain frequency is absorbed by an atom, molecule, or solid particle. The energy is then transferred to the absorbing material in the form of kinetic energy, excitation, or ionization.
Scattering: This process occurs when a photon interacts with a particle in a medium and changes its direction of motion without changing its frequency. Scattering can be elastic or inelastic and can occur due to a number of different mechanisms, such as Rayleigh or Mie scattering.
Emission: This is the opposite of absorption, where a photon of a certain frequency is emitted by an excited atom or molecule. The energy is released in the form of radiation, often in the visible or infrared range.
Reflection: When a photon encounters a boundary between two media, it can be reflected back in the opposite direction. The angle of incidence and angle of reflection are equal.
Transmission: This is the process where a photon passes through a medium without being absorbed or scattered. The intensity and frequency of the photon may change, depending on the medium.
Polarization: This is the property of the electromagnetic wave that describes the orientation of its electric field. Polarization can be linear, circular, or elliptical and can be altered by various interactions with matter.
Inversion: In this process, the population of energy levels between two states can be inverted. When this occurs, it can lead to the generation of coherent radiation, such as in lasers.
Doppler broadening: This is the effect that occurs when radiation emitted from a moving source is observed. The observed frequency will be shifted due to the motion of the source and the observer.
Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium: When the temperature and density of a medium are not uniform and change rapidly, the radiation from the medium can be affected. In this case, the radiation cannot be described by a blackbody spectrum.
Photoionization: This is the process where a photon with enough energy is absorbed by an atom, which then loses an electron. The process is important in determining the ionization state and chemical composition of astrophysical objects.
"The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes."
"The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes."
"The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically."
"Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing."
"For more realistic media, with complex multiple scattering effects, numerical methods are required."
"Analytic solutions to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) exist for simple cases..."
"The present article is largely focused on the condition of radiative equilibrium."
"Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation."
"The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes."
"The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically."
"Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing."
"For more realistic media, with complex multiple scattering effects, numerical methods are required."
"Analytic solutions to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) exist for simple cases..."
"The present article is largely focused on the condition of radiative equilibrium."
"The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes."
"Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including... atmospheric science..."
"For more realistic media, with complex multiple scattering effects, numerical methods are required."
"Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing."
"The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically."