"The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids."
These are acids that contain a carbon atom. Examples include citric acid, lactic acid, and malic acid.
Introduction to Organic Acids: Basic chemical properties and nomenclature of organic acids; distinction between strong and weak organic acids; acid-base reactions.
Structure and Properties of Organic Acids: Relationship between acid strength and molecular structure; substituent effects and their impact on acidity; acidity trends in different functional groups.
pH and Acid-Base Equilibria: Acid dissociation constant (Ka) and its significance in determining acid strength; calculation of pH of organic acids in solution; electrolyte strength.
The Conjugate Base Concept: Mechanism of proton transfer during acid-base reactions; identifying the corresponding conjugate bases of organic acids.
Effect of Solvent on Acid-Base Properties: The impact of solvents on the ionization behavior of organic acids; dielectric constant and solvent polarity.
Reactions of Organic Acids: Reaction of organic acids with bases, alcohols, alkyl halides and carbonyl compounds, oxidation reactions of organic acids.
Separation and Purification of Organic Acids: Distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography, and other techniques to isolate and purify organic acids.
Industrial Uses of Organic Acids: Applications of organic acids in the food and beverage industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and in petroleum refining.
Environmental Aspects of Organic Acids: Role of organic acids in the environment; implications of organic acids for climate change.
Recent Advances in Organic Acid Research: Developing trends in research on organic acids; latest developments in synthetic organic chemistry and more.
Carboxylic Acids: These are the most common organic acids which contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end of the carbon chain, and they are acidic in nature.
Phenolic Acids: These are the types of organic acids that contain a phenol group (-OH) attached to the carbon backbone, and they exhibit acidic properties.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs): These are a unique class of organic acids that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the alpha-carbon atom of a carboxylic acid molecule. They are commonly used in cosmetics as they help to exfoliate the skin by breaking down the dead skin cells.
Amino Acids: These are the basic building blocks of proteins, and they contain both an amine group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to the same carbon atom.
Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs): These are a special class of organic acids that have multiple hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to the carbon backbone, and they are similar to AHAs in their chemical structure.
Sulfonic Acids: These are a type of organic acid that contain a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) attached to the carbon backbone, and they are commonly used as detergents and surfactants.
"The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids." "Other groups can also confer acidity, usually weakly: the thiol group –SH, the enol group, and the phenol group."
"Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids, but they are usually very weak."
"The relative stability of the conjugate base of the acid determines its acidity."
"In biological systems, organic compounds containing these groups are generally referred to as organic acids."
"A few common examples include: Lactic acid, Acetic acid, Formic acid, Citric acid, Oxalic acid..."
"Uric acid."
"No, sulfonic acids are relatively stronger acids compared to carboxylic acids."
"Acetic acid."
"The carboxyl group is –COOH."
"Phenol group can confer acidity, usually weakly."
"Folic acid."
"Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids."
"Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but they are usually very weak."
"The relative stability of the conjugate base of the acid determines its acidity."
"Organic acids are organic compounds with acidic properties, while inorganic acids do not contain carbon."
"In biological systems, organic compounds containing these groups are generally referred to as organic acids."
"Citric acid."
"Lactic acid."
"No, some organic acids like folic acid can be synthesized or produced artificially."