This topic covers the chemical reaction in which a salt reacts with water to produce an acid and a base.
Acids and Bases: The fundamental concepts of Acids and Bases, their properties and differences.
pH Scale: The scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a substance from 0-14.
Strong and Weak Acids/Bases: The classification of acids and bases based on their ability to dissociate in water and release H+ and OH- ions.
Acid and Base Strength: The ability of an Acid or Base to donate or accept ions, and how it affects their concentration.
Neutralization Reactions: The chemical reactions that occur between acids and bases to form salts and water.
Salts: The compounds formed by neutralization reactions, and how they are related to acids and bases.
Hydrolysis: The process of breaking down a compound into its constituent parts using water as a catalyst.
Buffer Solutions: The solutions that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Titration: The process of determining the concentration of a substance by reacting it with a known amount of another substance.
Ionization constants: The equilibrium constant related to the ionization of an acid or base in water.
Acid-base equilibrium: The state of balance between the concentrations of H+ and OH- ions in water.
Bronsted-Lowry Theory: The theory that proposes that acid and base are substances that donate or accept protons.
Lewis Theory: The theory that proposes that an acid is a substance that accepts a pair of electrons from a base.
Acids and Bases in Organic Chemistry: The role of acids and bases in organic reactions, and how they can be used to control and manipulate the chemistry of organic compounds.
Acid hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis occurs when an acid is used to break down a larger molecule into smaller fragments.
Base hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis occurs when a base is used to break down a larger molecule into smaller fragments.
Enzymatic hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis involves the use of enzymes to break down large molecules into smaller ones.
Salt hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis occurs when a salt is dissolved in water and the resulting ions interact with water molecules to form hydronium and hydroxide ions.
Neutral hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis occurs when a neutral molecule is broken down into smaller fragments through the use of water.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis involves the use of an acid catalyst to provide a proton for the breakdown of a larger molecule.
Base-catalyzed hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis involves the use of a base catalyst to deprotonate a molecule and create a nucleophile for the breakdown of a larger molecule.
Extrinsic hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis occurs when a molecule is broken down by a chemical reaction outside of the molecule itself.
Intrinsic hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis occurs when a molecule contains a functional group that is susceptible to hydrolysis and breaks down as a result.
Thermal hydrolysis: This type of hydrolysis occurs when a molecule is broken down by heat.