"The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations."
The study of the roles, functions, and effectiveness of international organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund.
International Relations: The study of interactions between countries and other actors in the international system, including global politics, security, war and peace, and diplomacy.
International Law: The body of rules that govern the relations between states and other international actors, including treaties, conventions, and customary laws.
International Economics: The study of the economic relationships between countries, including trade, investment, finance, and development.
International Finance: The study of the monetary and financial aspects of global trade, including foreign exchange markets, international debt, and foreign investment.
International Development: The study of the process of economic and social transformation of less developed countries, including issues of poverty, inequality, and sustainability.
International Trade: The study of the exchange of goods and services between nations, including trade agreements, tariffs, and other trade policies.
Global Environmental Issues: The study of the impact of human activity on the environment, including climate change, pollution, and natural resource depletion.
International Conflict and Security: The study of conflicts between countries and other international actors, including terrorism, war, and peacekeeping.
International Organizations: The study of the role and functions of international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the International Monetary Fund.
Global Governance: The study of the structures and processes of global decision-making, including the role of international organizations, non-state actors, and transnational networks.
Human Rights: The study of the universal rights and freedoms that are inherent to all human beings, including civil and political rights, and economic, social, and cultural rights.
Globalization: The study of the interconnection of countries and societies through economic, political, and cultural exchange.
Cultural Diversity: The study of the distinctive cultural identities and practices of different societies around the world.
Sustainable Development: The study of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
International Migration: The study of the movement of people across borders, including issues of identity, culture, and human rights.
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): These are organizations that are created by governments, whereby members are states or other international organizations.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): These are organizations that are created by private individuals or groups, whereby members are non-state actors.
International Governmental Organizations (IGO): These are organizations that are created by intergovernmental agreements, whereby members are states.
Supranational Organizations: These are organizations that have authority over member states in certain policy areas, whereby members are states.
Regional Organizations: These are organizations that are restricted to a particular region or group of countries, whereby members are states.
Regional Economic Organizations: These are organizations that promote economic integration among members, whereby members are states.
International Financial Institutions (IFIs): These are organizations that provide financial assistance or advice to member states, whereby members are states.
International Trade Organizations: These are organizations that promote international trade, whereby members are states.
Intergovernmental Organizations for Environmental Protection: These are organizations that are created to conserve the environment, whereby members are states.
International Humanitarian Organizations: These are organizations that are created to provide relief to victims of war or natural disasters, whereby members are non-state actors.
International Criminal Court: This is an international tribunal that prosecutes individuals responsible for crimes against humanity and war crimes, whereby members are states.
International Labor Organizations: These are organizations that promote fair labor practices and workers' rights, whereby members are states.
International Telecommunications Organizations: These are organizations that regulate international telecommunications, whereby members are states.
International Atomic Energy Agency: This is an organization that promotes nuclear energy for peaceful purposes while preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons, whereby members are states.
International Standards Organizations: These are organizations that develop technical standards, whereby members are states or private organizations.
"The UN is headquartered in New York City (in the United States, but with certain extraterritorial privileges)."
"Almost all of the world's sovereign states. As of 2023, it has 193 member states."
"The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future world wars. It succeeded the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 nations met in San Francisco, California for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945."
"The organization's objectives, as defined by its charter, include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law."
"The organization's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades due in part to Cold War tensions that existed between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies."
"By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes vastly exceeded its spending on peacekeeping."
"After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks."
"The UN has six principal operational organizations: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretariat, and the Trusteeship Council."
"The UN System includes a multitude of specialized agencies, funds, and programs, including the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF."
"The UN's chief administrative officer is the secretary-general, currently Portuguese politician and diplomat António Guterres."
"António Guterres began his first five-year term on 1 January 2017."
"The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states."
"Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development, while others have called it ineffective, biased, and corrupt."
"The UN, its officers, and its agencies have won many Nobel Peace Prizes."
"The organization has other offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague."
"The International Court of Justice is headquartered in The Hague."
"Its mission has included the provision of primarily unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops charged with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles."
"UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence."
"The Trusteeship Council has been inactive since 1994."