"The country has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system under its Constitution, the world's tenth oldest, since Federation in 1901."
An analysis of the political systems and institutions of Australia and New Zealand, including their histories, constitutional frameworks, and current political issues.
Constitutional law: This topic focuses on the fundamental law that outlines the powers and limitations of government institutions and their relationships with citizens.
Parliament: This covers the organization, roles, and functions of the legislative branch of government, including the election of representatives and their responsibilities.
Executive branch: This encompasses the structure and authority of the executive branch of government, which includes the Prime Minister, Cabinet, and other high-ranking officials.
Judiciary: This covers the structure and function of the judiciary branch, which includes the Supreme Court, lower courts, and legal processes.
Federalism: This topic explores the political arrangement where power is shared between the central government and regional governments.
Political parties: This focuses on the organizations that provide a framework for political competition and representation, including their ideologies and voting behavior.
Elections: This covers the procedures and regulations that govern the electoral process, including the types of elections and methods of voting.
Public administration: This topic explores the management and implementation of government policies and programs.
Public policy: This covers the process of decision-making and implementation of policies that affect public affairs.
International relations: This focuses on the interactions between countries and the role of Australia and New Zealand in international organizations and global issues.
Democracy: A political system in which people participate in the decision-making process through representatives elected by them.
Republic: A political system where the head of the state is elected and not a hereditary monarch.
Constitutional Monarchy: A political system where the monarch is a ceremonial head, with their functions being governed by a constitution.
Parliamentary Monarchy: A political system where the monarch is a ceremonial head, with their functions being presided over by a parliament.
Federation: A political system where power is divided between the central government and the states/provinces that make up the country.
Presidential System: A political system where the president is both the head of state and head of government.
Authoritarianism: A political system where the government rules through a single person, and there is very little political freedom or rights for citizens.
Totalitarianism: A political system where the government has complete control over all aspects of society, including the media, the economy, and people's daily lives.
Unitary State: A political system where the central government has all the power and makes decisions for the whole country.
Confederal System: A political system where power is distributed among the various states/provinces, and there is little central authority.
Direct Democracy: A political system where people make decisions directly, without using representatives.
Oligarchy: A political system where a small group of people hold all the power, and decisions are made for the benefit of that group.
Theocracy: A political system where religious leaders hold all the power and make decisions based on their religious beliefs.
Anarchy: A political system where there is no government, and people make all their decisions for themselves.
"since Federation in 1901."
"the world's tenth oldest"
"Australia is the world's sixth oldest continuous democracy"
"Australia is a two-party system in which voting is compulsory."
"The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Australia a 'full democracy' in 2022."
"The federal government is separated into three branches: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary."
"The bicameral Parliament is comprising the monarch (represented by the governor-general), the Senate, and the House of Representatives."
"The Federal Executive Council, which in practice gives legal effect to the decisions of the cabinet, comprising the prime minister and ministers of state who advise the governor-general."
"The judges [of federal courts] are appointed by the governor-general on advice of the Federal Executive Council."
"The Australian system of government combines elements derived from the political systems of the United Kingdom and the United States, along with distinctive indigenous features."
"[Australia's system of government] has therefore been characterized as a 'Washminster mutation'." Note: The paragraph above does not contain 20 distinct questions or quotes. It covers the relevant information regarding the Australian political system and provides the necessary explanations.