The guidelines and regulations used to ensure that structures are designed and built to withstand loads and forces according to safety requirements.
Building Codes: This is the set of rules and regulations which a building should conform to. It contains specifications on design, construction, and performance standards.
Structural Standards: Structural standards set the criteria for the design and construction of the building's structure. They include the strength and load-bearing capacity of materials used in the construction.
Material Standards: Material standards specify the quality and strength of the materials used in the construction of the structure.
Fire Codes: Fire codes are regulations that govern how buildings are built to prevent fires and ensure the safety of people inside.
Wind Load Analysis: Wind load analysis is a calculation that determines the wind loads on the building and the required strength to withstand them.
Seismic Load Analysis: Seismic load analysis calculates the seismic forces that the building can withstand.
Site Investigation: Site investigation involves the identification of potential hazards, the selection of the building site and soil assessment.
Environmental Factors: Environmental factors include the surrounding climate, topography, and soil conditions that can affect the building's structural integrity.
Occupancy Classification: Occupancy classification determines the type of occupancy of the structure, which can be residential, commercial, or industrial.
Building Envelope: Building envelope consists of the walls, roofs, and floors of the building. It plays a vital role in controlling the indoor climate and energy consumption.
Building Services: Building services include the electrical, mechanical, and plumbing systems that provide heating, cooling, ventilation, and other essential utilities.
Structural Design Principles: Structural design principles include the rules and guidelines that govern the design and construction of the building structure, such as load capacity, deflection, and stability.
Construction Methods: Construction methods cover the various techniques used in building construction, such as traditional, precast, or modular construction.
Building Inspection: Building inspection involves regular checks to ensure the structure conforms to the set standards and codes.
Quality Control and Quality Assurance: Quality control and quality assurance measures are put in place to ensure that the building's structures and materials meet the set standards and codes.
International Building Code (IBC): A comprehensive set of codes and standards governing the construction of buildings and other structures, including requirements for materials, design, construction methods, and performance.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): Provides technical guidance and standards for the design of structures, including bridges, buildings, pipelines, and more.
American Concrete Institute (ACI): Standards for the design and construction of concrete structures, including building codes for reinforced concrete.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC): Codes and standards for the design and construction of steel structures, including buildings, bridges and highway structures.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): Standards for the design and installation of fire protection systems, including sprinklers, alarms, and other fire suppression equipment.
The Canadian Standards Association (CSA): Provides codes and standards for the design, manufacture, and installation of products, including structural steel, concrete, and wood.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Provides technical standards for systems, processes, and products, including structural design.
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO): Provides codes for plumbing and mechanical systems, including HVAC and fire protection systems.
National Electrical Code (NEC): A set of standards governing the installation, maintenance, and operation of electrical systems in buildings and other structures.
Uniform Building Code (UBC): A comprehensive set of codes dealing with every aspect of building construction, including structural design, fire and life safety, and more.