Quote: "Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France."
An examination of the neoclassical approach to garden and landscape design, including the use of axial symmetry, classical motifs, and water features.
Neoclassical Architecture: The style of architecture popular during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.
Principles of Neoclassical Design: The main principles that guide Neoclassical design, including symmetry, proportion, simplicity, and order.
Garden Design: The design of outdoor spaces, including the use of plants, hardscapes, and water features to create a cohesive and beautiful landscape.
Ornamentation: The use of decorative elements, such as sculptures, fountains, and trellises, to enhance the beauty of the landscape.
Classical Plants: The use of plants commonly found in ancient Greek and Roman gardens, such as cypress, boxwood, and ivy.
Hardscaping: The use of non-plant materials, such as stone, brick, and gravel, to create paths, walls, and other structures within the landscape.
Water Features: The use of water, such as fountains, pools, and ponds, to add movement and sound to the landscape.
Color Palette: The use of a limited color palette, often consisting of white, gray, and green, to create a cohesive and serene landscape.
Perspective and Illusion: The use of perspective and illusion to create the impression of depth and distance within the landscape.
History and Context: The importance of understanding the historical and cultural context of Neoclassical design, including its origins in the Enlightenment and the influence of ancient Greece and Rome.
English Garden: This type of garden design is characterized by an informal, naturalistic style that emphasizes a free-flowing layout and a mix of ornamental and useful plants.
French Formal Garden: This design style was developed in the 17th century and features strict symmetry, elaborate arrangements of clipped hedges and topiary, and classical statuary.
Italian Garden: This style features geometric patterns and elements such as long alleys and fountains, using a variety of materials including slate, marble, and sandstone.
Georgian Style: Georgian architecture refers to styles that were popular in Britain from 1714 to the early 19th century. Georgian gardens emphasize classical principles of order and symmetry, achieved through the use of axial design and carefully-placed architectural features.
Palladian Style: This style originated in Italy and features a focus on classical architecture, including the use of columns, arches, and pediments. In landscape design, this style often incorporated terraced gardens and water features.
American Neoclassical Style: This style emerged in the United States in the 18th century and blends English and French design elements with classical features. Gardens in this style may feature formal elements such as parterres and topiary, as well as classical statuary and urns.
Quote: "The Neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France."
Quote: "The prevailing styles of architecture in most of Europe for the previous two centuries, Renaissance architecture and Baroque architecture..."
Quote: "The Neoclassical movement aimed to strip away the excesses of Late Baroque and return to a purer and more authentic classical style, adapted to modern purposes."
Quote: "The development of archaeology and published accurate records of surviving classical buildings was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture."
Quote: "In many countries, there was an initial wave essentially drawing on Roman architecture, followed, from about the start of the 19th century, by a second wave of Greek Revival architecture."
Quote: "This followed increased understanding of Greek survivals."
Quote: "As the 19th century continued, the style tended to lose its original rather austere purity in variants like the French Empire style."
Quote: "The term 'neoclassical' is often used very loosely for any building using some of the classical architectural vocabulary."
Quote: "In form, Neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts."
Quote: "The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament..."
Quote: "In its architectural formulae, the style is an outgrowth of some classicizing features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition."
Quote: "Therefore, the style is defined by symmetry, simple geometry, and social demands instead of ornament."
Quote: "In the 21st century, a version of the style continues, sometimes called New Classical architecture or New Classicism."
Quote: "Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture..."
Quote: "The Neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France."
Quote: "Renaissance architecture and Baroque architecture already represented partial revivals of the Classical architecture of ancient Rome and ancient Greek architecture..."
Quote: "Followed, from about the start of the 19th century, by a second wave of Greek Revival architecture."
Quote: "The style tended to lose its original rather austere purity in variants like the French Empire style."
Quote: "The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament."