"Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment..."
Study of the planning and design of cities and towns, including the layout of streets, buildings, and open spaces.
Ancient urban planning: This topic covers the evolution of urban planning and architecture from the ancient civilizations like Greek, Roman, and Mesopotamian.
Gothic architecture: The focus is on the Gothic style of architecture and urban planning that dominated Europe from the 12th to the 16th century.
Renaissance architecture: This topic covers the shift from medieval to Renaissance architecture and planning in Europe, particularly in Italy.
Baroque architecture: This topic discusses the development of the Baroque style of architecture in Europe and its influence on the urban planning of cities.
Modernism and postmodernism: This topic covers the evolution of architecture and planning from the 20th century onward, with a particular focus on the emergence of modernism and postmodernism.
Sustainable development: This topic focuses on sustainable planning and design, including urban transportation, housing, and green spaces.
Urbanization and growth: This topic covers the development of urban areas and the challenges of managing growth, including traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and economic inequality.
Infrastructure planning: This topic covers the development and management of transportation networks, water and sewage systems, and other urban infrastructure.
Planning policies and regulations: This topic covers the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern urban planning and development, including zoning regulations, building codes, and environmental regulations.
Community engagement and participation: This topic covers the role of community engagement and participation in the planning process, including the importance of dialogue with residents, stakeholder groups, and other community members.
Gridiron or Grid plan: This type of planning involves creating a grid-like pattern with streets intersecting at right angles, forming uniform blocks.
Radiant or Radial plan: Radial plans typically feature a circular road pattern with streets, buildings, and monuments radiating outwards.
Organic or Haphazard: Organic planning is haphazard and happens naturally over time, without any pre-determined plan. It gives the city a more relaxed and easygoing feel.
Baroque: This style of planning is characterized by grand avenues that connect monumental public spaces.
City Beautiful Movement: Inspired by the Beaux-Arts style, the City Beautiful Movement emphasized grand public buildings, parks and boulevards.
Garden City: This type of planning involves creating a self-contained, planned community with ample green space, housing, and community facilities.
Industrial Planning: This style primarily focuses on creating spaces for factories and warehouses with efficient transportation and utilities infrastructure.
New Urbanism: The New Urbanism planning involves creating walkable, mixed-use communities with access to public transportation and sustainability.
Smart City: This type of planning focuses on using technology to make a city more efficient and sustainable, utilizing advanced sensors and data analysis.
Transit Oriented Development (TOD): TOD is based on the idea of making public transit the center of development, with housing and businesses clustered around transit stations.
Tactical Urbanism: This type of planning is based on using temporary or low-cost solutions to improve urban spaces and promote community engagement.
Adaptive Reuse: Adaptive reuse planning focuses on repurposing abandoned or underused buildings and spaces for new uses.
Community-Led Development: Community-led development involves a holistic approach where residents are involved in every step of the planning process, and local communities take ownership of the development of their areas.
Eco-City: This type of planning focuses on making cities more environmentally sustainable, using renewable energy sources, managing waste, and preserving natural habitats.
Postmodern Urbanism: Postmodern urbanism is characterized by a focus on symbolism, irony, and borrowing from different architectural styles throughout history.
Compact City: The compact city planning is based on creating high-density urban areas that are walkable and with good transport links.
Regional Planning: Regional planning is concerned with the development of broader regions, with a focus on preserving open space, improving transportation systems and supporting economic development.
Tenement House: Tenement housing primarily involves multi-family dwellings, commonly seen in the nineteenth century in urban areas, with shared facilities such as communal toilets.
Mixed Income Communities: Mixed-income communities are designed to integrate different income levels within the same neighborhood, providing affordable housing, services, and job opportunities for all residents.
Participatory Planning: Participatory planning is an approach that allows local communities, citizens, and stakeholders to provide feedback and input to the planning process.
"...including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility."
"Many professional practitioners of urban planning, especially practitioners with the title 'urban planner,' study urban planning education, while some paraprofessional practitioners are educated in urban studies..."
"...others study and work in urban policy - the aspect of public policy used in the public administration subfield of political science that is most aligned with urban planning."
"Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements."
"The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities."
"Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom-lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people while maintaining sustainability standards."
"In the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political perspectives effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning."
"Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas."
"Urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people and waste..."
"...a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance..."
"Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes."
"Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes aspects of civil engineering, architecture, geography, political science, environmental studies, design sciences, history, economics, sociology, anthropology, business administration, and other fields."
"Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation, and management."
"It is closely related to the field of urban design, and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings, and other urban areas."
"The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning."
"Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings, and public spaces."
"Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília, and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning."
"Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning."
"Sustainable development was added as one of the main goals of all planning endeavors in the late 20th century when the detrimental economic and the environmental impacts of the previous models of planning had become apparent."