"prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas."
Study of the architectural works from the Middle Ages. This includes the Gothic architecture in Europe.
Romanesque architecture: Romanesque architecture was predominant in Europe during the 9th to the 12th centuries. This style of architecture has an emphasis on rounded arches, barrel vaults, and thick walls adorned with ornate carvings.
Gothic architecture: Gothic architecture prevailed from the 12th–16th centuries. It is characterized by tall, pointed arches with ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and intricate decorative details including gargoyles, spires, and stained-glass windows.
Vernacular architecture: Vernacular architecture, also known as folk architecture, refers to buildings constructed in a style that is specific to a particular tradition, region, or culture. These buildings are often made from locally available materials and based on practical needs.
Religious architecture: Religious architecture refers to buildings designed for religious purposes. These buildings include cathedrals, churches, and monasteries.
Secular architecture: Secular architecture refers to buildings that are not designed for religious purposes. These buildings include town halls, castles, and mansions.
Castle architecture: Castle architecture refers to the design and construction of fortifications and castles. This style of architecture developed during the Middle Ages to provide protection against enemies and served as the main mode of defense for a kingdom.
Monastic architecture: Monastic architecture refers to the design and construction of buildings for monastic communities, such as monasteries and convents. These buildings typically included living quarters, kitchens, and chapels.
Town and city building: This pertains to the design and construction of buildings in cities and towns. These buildings include public buildings, houses, squares, and markets.
Courtyards and gardens: Courtyards and gardens are essential elements of medieval architecture. They were designed to provide personal spaces for residents, and they also served as a refuge from the hustle and bustle of the city.
Art and sculpture: Art and sculpture played a significant role in medieval architecture. These artworks adorn the facades of buildings and were also used as religious and political propaganda.
Materials and construction techniques: Materials and construction techniques used in medieval architecture evolved as technology advanced. The use of stone, wood, brick, and mortar often depended on the location and availability of materials.
Interior design and decoration: Interior design and decoration were important elements of medieval architecture, particularly in religious buildings. This includes the use of paintings, mosaics, and sculptures to tell biblical stories.
Urban planning: Medieval architecture wasn't only about the individual structures but also about the overall city design, particularly its streets, squares, and public spaces.
Revival styles: Revival styles of medieval architecture, such as the Tudor Revival style, became popular later on after the medieval period ended. These styles borrow from medieval motifs but use modern materials and construction techniques.
Cultural and social context: The architecture of the medieval period was influenced by the cultural and social context of the time. This includes religion, politics, and class structures of the period.
Romanesque Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its heavy massing, rounded arches, and barrel vaults.
Gothic Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses.
Byzantine Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its dome-shaped roofs, intricate mosaics, and elaborate decoration.
Renaissance Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its symmetry, proportion, and classical inspiration.
Baroque Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its grandeur, extravagance, and dramatic use of light and shadow.
Rococo Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its ornate decoration, asymmetry, and whimsical features.
Tudor Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its steeped, gabled roofs, half-timbered construction, and decorative brickwork.
Norman Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its use of long, narrow windows, rounded arches, and small doorways.
Palladian Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its use of columns, pediments, and symmetry, inspired by the works of Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
Gothic Revival Architecture: This type of Architecture is characterized by its revival of Gothic features such as pointed arches, rib vaults, and stained glass windows during the Victorian era.
"It evolved from Romanesque architecture"
"It originated in the Île-de-France and Picardy regions of northern France."
"The style at the time was sometimes known as opus Francigenum (lit. 'French work')."
"The term Gothic was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the architecture of classical antiquity."
"The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed or ogival arch."
"The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows."
"At the Abbey of Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was reconstructed between 1140 and 1144, drawing together for the first time the developing Gothic architectural features."
"a new architectural style emerged that emphasized verticality and the effect created by the transmission of light through stained glass windows."
"Christian ecclesiastical architecture, Gothic cathedrals and churches, abbeys, parish churches, castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities, and private dwellings."
"Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites."
"With the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the new style."
"Gothic continued to flourish and develop into the 16th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th-century Europe..."
"...continued, largely for churches and university buildings, into the 20th century." Quotes from the paragraph that answer the questions have been provided throughout the responses.