"Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century..."
This topic examines the application of Baroque architecture in urban planning, including the creation of grand public spaces and the use of axial planning.
Baroque Style: Baroque Style is an artistic style that emerged in the 17th century and is characterized by grandeur, richness, and drama.
Urban Planning: Urban Planning is the process of designing and managing the physical layout and development of towns and cities, including the planning of transportation networks, streetscapes, public spaces, parks, and landmarks.
City Design: City Design is the art and science of designing urban environments that function well, meet the needs of people, and create a sense of community.
Landscape Architecture: Landscape Architecture is the art of designing outdoor spaces, including parks, gardens, and civic spaces, to improve the quality of life in cities and towns.
Engineering: Engineering is the scientific and technical knowledge needed to design and build structures such as bridges, highways, and buildings.
Public Works: Public Works are government-funded projects that provide essential public services such as transportation, water supply, and waste management.
Social History: Social History is the study of how societies and cultures have evolved over time, including the ways in which people have used architecture and urban planning to create and shape communities.
Environmental Science: Environmental Science is the study of how natural systems interact with human activities, including the impact of urbanization on ecosystems and the environment.
Public Health: Public Health is the science of promoting and protecting the health and well-being of individuals and communities, including the role of urban planning in shaping healthy communities.
Culture and Heritage: Culture and Heritage are the values, beliefs, and customs of a society or group, including the cultural heritage of neighborhoods and cities.
Law and Policy: Law and Policy are the rules and guidelines set by government bodies that govern land use, building standards, and other regulations that shape the urban environment.
Heritage Preservation: Heritage Preservation is the practice of preserving and protecting significant cultural, historic, and architectural landmarks and buildings.
Economy and Development: Economy and Development are the ways in which urban planning influences economic growth and development, including the creation of jobs, housing, and infrastructure.
Architecture and Design: Architecture and Design are the principles and practices of designing buildings, interiors, and outdoor spaces, including the influence of Baroque architecture on urban design.
Tourism: Tourism is the industry of providing visitors with experiences and services, including the role of urban design in promoting tourist destinations and attracting visitors.
Roman Baroque: This architecture featured the use of classical elements from ancient Rome such as columns, arches, and domes.
Churrigueresque Baroque: This style used ornamental and decorative elements such as curving lines, sculpted figures, and dramatic lighting effects to create a flamboyant and opulent appearance.
Rococo Baroque: This architecture style was known for its intricate details, ornate decorations, and asymmetrical designs that emphasized movement and frivolity.
Palladian Baroque: This style often featured symmetrical designs, grand proportions, and a focus on classical architectural elements such as columns, entablatures, and pediments.
Baroque Revival: This was a revival of Baroque style in the 19th and 20th centuries, featuring ornamental details and a focus on grandeur.
"It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to combat the Reformation and the Protestant church with a new architecture that inspired surprise and awe."
"It reached its peak in the High Baroque (1625–1675), when it was used in churches and palaces in Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Bavaria, and Austria."
"Baroque architects took the basic elements of Renaissance architecture, including domes and colonnades, and made them higher, grander, more decorated, and more dramatic."
"Twisted columns were also often used, to give an illusion of upwards motion, and cartouches and other decorative elements occupied every available space."
"Light was also used for dramatic effect; it streamed down from Cupolas, and was reflected from an abundance of gilding."
"The interior effects were often achieved with the use of quadratura, or trompe-l'œil painting combined with sculpture; the eye is drawn upward, giving the illusion that one is looking into the heavens."
"In Baroque palaces, grand stairways became a central element."
"The Early Baroque (1584–1625) was largely dominated by the work of Roman architects, notably the Church of the Gesù by Giacomo della Porta... and the lavish Barberini Palace interiors by Pietro da Cortona."
"In France, the Luxembourg Palace (1615–45) built by Salomon de Brosse for Marie de Medici was an early example of the style."
"The High Baroque (1625–1675) produced major works in Rome by Pietro da Cortona... Francesco Borromini... and Gian Lorenzo Bernini."
"In Venice, High Baroque works included Santa Maria della Salute by Baldassare Longhena. Examples in France included the Pavillon de l’Horloge of the Louvre Palace by Jacques Lemercier..."
"The Late Baroque (1675–1750) saw the style spread to all parts of Europe, and to the colonies of Spain and Portugal in the New World."
"The Late Baroque in France, under Louis XIV, was more ordered and classical."
"Examples included the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles and the dome of Les Invalides."
"An especially ornate variant, appeared in the early 18th century; it was first called Rocaille in France; then Rococo in Spain and Central Europe."
"Its most celebrated architect was Balthasar Neumann, noted for the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and the Würzburg Residence."
"The Late Baroque (1675–1750) saw the style spread to all parts of Europe, and to the colonies of Spain and Portugal in the New World."
"The sculpted and painted decoration covered every space on the walls and ceiling."
"Its most celebrated architect was Balthasar Neumann, noted for the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and the Würzburg Residence." (Note: Each quote corresponds to the respective study question.)