"prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas."
Architecture that emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages and is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and the extensive use of stained glass.
Romanesque architecture: This is a predecessor to Gothic architecture, characterized by rounded arches, thick walls, and small windows.
Gothic architecture: This style emerged in the 12th century and is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.
Gothic revival: The revival of Gothic architecture in the 19th century, often used in churches, government buildings, and universities.
Cathedrals: These are large Gothic churches that typically have grand, towering spires and intricate stone carvings.
Abbey Churches: These are churches built within a monastery, typically with a large cloister, bell tower and sculpted decoration.
Collegiate Churches: A collegiate church is a church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons; a type of cathedral often associated with an institution of higher learning.
Rib Vaulting: A structural system of vaults, introduced by Gothic architecture which enabled architects to build grander spaces, longer spans and more open plan.
Flying Buttresses: These are exterior supports used in Gothic architecture to counteract the lateral forces pushing walls outward, allowing for taller and wider openings.
Rose Window: A circular window with intricate stone tracery, typically found in the transept or on the western facade of a Gothic cathedral.
Tracery: A decorative stonework consisting of a pattern of interlacing arches and curves that form a net-like system of stone elements in Gothic architecture.
Gothic Ornamentation: This involves the use of intricate stone carvings, gargoyles, grotesques, and other decorative elements to adorn the exterior and interior of Gothic architecture.
Cathedral floor plans: The layout and structure of a cathedral.
Gothic Sculpture: Both internal and external decoration using sculptures that includes biblical figures, saints, angels, and creatures.
Stained glass art: Using multi-coloured glass arranged into patterns or scenes, typically found in large windows.
Gothic furniture design: Furniture with Gothic-style features like pointed arches, tracery, and curls.
Gothic Castles: The origin of gothic architecture, castles that were built during the medieval period in Europe.
Early Gothic (also known as Lancet or Early English): Characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and light structures.
Decorated Gothic (also known as Rayonnant or Flamboyant): Features highly decorative designs, elaborately carved stonework and extensive use of tracery, rose windows and openwork spires.
Perpendicular Gothic: Marked by large windows with vertical mullions, flattened arches, intricate tracery and decorated pinnacles, crockets and brattishing.
Gothic Revival (also known as Victorian Gothic): A revival of the medieval Gothic style in the 19th century that incorporated elements of romanticism, historicism and fantasy into architecture.
French Gothic: Famous for its Gothic cathedrals such as Notre-Dame de Paris, Amiens Cathedral and Chartres Cathedral. These architectural styles are characterized by their great height, flying buttresses, intricate stone ornamentation and stained-glass windows.
German Gothic: Reflected the rebuilding of cities and towns after the Thirty Years' War. It's characterized by a well-proportioned, rather than towering, exterior, enclosed courtyards, and the use of pointed 'ogee' arching, which curves upwards and downwards simultaneously.
Italian Gothic: Often characterized by its more classical, symmetrical and harmonious composition. Very few Gothic buildings remain in Italy as Baroque architecture took over by the 17th century.
Spanish Gothic: Marked by simplicity and austerity, while exterior decorations were kept to a minimum. Often featuring ornamental brickwork and marble details, simple rose windows and undecorated moldings. The Toledo Cathedral is a great example of Spanish Gothic.
English Gothic: Also known as 'Decorated Gothic', the most detailed and ornate of the Gothic styles.
Eastern European Gothic: Varied in style and influence from the German Gothic with the influence of the Greek Orthodox Church. It's characterized by the use of stone, brick, and wood - which was commonly available in Eastern Europe.
"It evolved from Romanesque architecture"
"It originated in the Île-de-France and Picardy regions of northern France."
"The style at the time was sometimes known as opus Francigenum (lit. 'French work')."
"The term Gothic was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the architecture of classical antiquity."
"The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed or ogival arch."
"The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows."
"At the Abbey of Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was reconstructed between 1140 and 1144, drawing together for the first time the developing Gothic architectural features."
"a new architectural style emerged that emphasized verticality and the effect created by the transmission of light through stained glass windows."
"Christian ecclesiastical architecture, Gothic cathedrals and churches, abbeys, parish churches, castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities, and private dwellings."
"Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites."
"With the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the new style."
"Gothic continued to flourish and develop into the 16th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th-century Europe..."
"...continued, largely for churches and university buildings, into the 20th century." Quotes from the paragraph that answer the questions have been provided throughout the responses.