"Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity..."
Symmetry, balance, and proportions inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture.
Ancient Greek Architecture: Study of the architectural styles and designs of ancient Greece. Characterized by symmetrical, clean lines and restrained use of decoration and ornamentation.
Roman Architecture: Study of the architectural styles and designs of ancient Rome. Characterized by large arches, columns, and domes, and ornate decoration.
Byzantine Architecture: Study of the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, characterized by the use of domes, vaults, and intricate decoration.
Gothic Architecture: Study of the architectural style that developed in Europe in the 12th century. Characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and tall, slender buildings.
Renaissance Architecture: Study of the architecture that developed in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries. Characterized by a renewed interest in classical styles, symmetrical compositions, and the use of perspective.
Baroque Architecture: Study of the architecture that developed in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Characterized by opulent decoration, dramatic lighting, and curved lines.
Neoclassical Architecture: Study of the architecture that developed in Europe and America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Characterized by a revival of classical styles, simple lines, and restrained ornamentation.
Victorian Architecture: Study of the architectural style that developed in Britain in the mid-19th century. Characterized by ornate decoration, the use of multiple materials, and eclectic design.
Art Deco Architecture: Study of the architectural style that developed in Europe and America in the 1920s and 30s. Characterized by the use of geometric forms, bold colors, and luxurious materials.
Modernist Architecture: Study of the architectural style that developed in the early 20th century. Characterized by a rejection of traditional decoration and ornamentation, and a focus on function, simplicity, and minimalism.
Greek Classical (c. 480-323 BC): The Greek Classical style is characterized by simplicity, harmony, and balance. The architecture was focused on creating a harmonious relationship between the building and its environment, with an emphasis on clean lines, refined proportions, and sculptural elements.
Roman Classical (c. 509 BC-330 AD): The Roman Classical style evolved from the Greek Classical style and was characterized by the use of arches, domes, and vaults. Buildings were designed to provide a functional space, with emphasis on symmetry, grandeur, and monumental scale.
Baroque (c. 1600-1750): The Baroque style emerged in the 17th century and was characterized by grandeur, drama, and ornate decoration. It emphasized the use of curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and intricate details.
Rococo (c. 1720-1760): Rococo is a variation of Baroque style which featured more delicate ornamentation and a lighter, more playful feel. The Rococo style emphasizes asymmetry, pastel colors, and the use of natural motifs such as leaves, flowers, and vines.
Neoclassical (c. 1750-1850): Neoclassical architecture revived the classicism of the Greek and Roman styles, but with an emphasis on simplicity and minimalism. It was characterized by a clean, symmetrical design, a focus on functionality, and the use of classical forms such as columns, pediments, and domes.
Gothic Revival (c. 1830-1900): Gothic Revival was a romantic architectural style that emerged in the 19th century. It was characterized by the use of pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and intricate traceries. It emphasized the use of vertical lines, and the expression of individuality in each building.
Beaux-Arts (c. 1885-1920): Beaux-Arts was developed as an academic architectural style in France. It was characterized by the use of classical forms and decorative motifs, combined with a grand monumental scale. It aimed at incorporating all art forms into the design of a building.
Art Nouveau (c. 1890-1910): Art Nouveau emerged in the late 19th century and was characterized by the use of flowing curved lines, asymmetrical shapes, and intricately detailed designs. It often featured natural motifs such as flowers and vines, and a focus on craftsmanship.
Art Deco (c. 1920-1939): Art Deco is an eclectic architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. It was characterized by a bold, geometric style, the use of materials such as chrome, glass, and smooth stone or terra-cotta, and a focus on clean, modern lines.
International Style (c. 1920s-1960s): International Style was characterized by the use of modern materials such as steel, concrete, and glass. It emphasized the use of straight lines and simple forms, with a focus on efficiency and functionality. The International Style is credited with establishing the principles of modern architecture.
"...from the works of the Roman architect Vitruvius."
"Different styles of classical architecture have arguably existed since the Carolingian Renaissance..."
"...and prominently since the Italian Renaissance."
"...they can in general all be said to draw on a common 'vocabulary' of decorative and constructive elements."
"In much of the Western world, different classical architectural styles have dominated the history of architecture from the Renaissance until World War II."
"Classical architecture continues to inform many architects."
"The term classical architecture also applies to any mode of architecture that has evolved to a highly refined state, such as classical Chinese architecture, or classical Mayan architecture."
"It can also refer to any architecture that employs classical aesthetic philosophy."
"The term might be used differently from 'traditional' or 'vernacular architecture,' although it can share underlying axioms with it."
"For contemporary buildings following authentic classical principles, the term New Classical architecture is sometimes used."