"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The practice of acquiring and maintaining political and economic control over another country, territory, or people for the purpose of exploitation.
Origins of Colonialism: This involves the historical and theoretical background of colonialism, examining how it emerged and how it has been defined over time.
Imperialism: This is the policy of imposing or extending control or authority over territories, often involving the use of military force.
Decolonization: This involves the process of undoing colonialism, including the withdrawal of colonial powers, the restoration of sovereignty, and the restructuring of political and economic systems.
Orientalism: This refers to the way that the West has represented and constructed the East, often in a way that reinforces colonial power dynamics.
Subaltern Studies: This is an approach in postcolonial scholarship that focuses on the experiences and perspectives of marginalized groups, often challenging dominant narratives of colonialism.
Colonial Discourse Analysis: This is a method of analyzing how colonial power is enacted through language and discourse, often revealing hidden power dynamics.
Hybridity: This refers to the mixing of cultures or identities that occurs as a result of colonialism, often leading to new and complex cultural formations.
Postcolonialism: This is a critical perspective that analyzes the ongoing effects of colonialism, including how it shapes contemporary politics, societies, and cultures.
Globalization: This refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the world through economic, political, and cultural processes, often involving the exploitation of previously colonized countries.
Neocolonialism: This involves the ongoing economic and political control exerted by former colonial powers or other dominant countries over less wealthy nations, often through indirect means.
Settler colonialism: This is a type of colonialism where a group of people from one country take over and establish permanent residence in another country. The settlers often forcibly remove the original inhabitants and claim the land for themselves.
Neo-colonialism: A newer form of colonialism that occurs when former colonial powers continue to exert economic and political control over former colonies, resulting in ongoing inequalities.
Indirect colonialism: A type of colonialism where the colonizing power uses local intermediaries to rule the colonized people on their behalf.
Mercantilism: This type of colonialism is characterized by the exploitation of natural resources for the benefit of the colonizing country. The colonized people are often forced to extract and produce these resources for export, while the colonizing power profits.
Cultural colonialism: In this type of colonialism, the colonizing power seeks to impose their cultural and social norms, values, and beliefs on the colonized people, often in an attempt to "civilize" or "modernize" them.
Internal colonialism: This type of colonialism occurs within a country or region, where a dominant group exploits and oppresses minority groups for their own benefit.
Religious colonialism: This occurs when a religion or religious group seeks to convert or impose its beliefs on the colonized people, often resulting in the suppression of traditional beliefs and customs.
Structural adjustment: This type of colonialism involves the imposition of economic policies and reforms by international organizations, often resulting in the exploitation and impoverishment of the colonized people.
Decolonization: This refers to the political and social process of gaining independence and reclaiming control from a colonial power.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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