"Research is 'creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge'."
The ethical considerations that must be made when conducting research with groups such as children, prisoners, and individuals with mental or physical disabilities. Special care must be taken to ensure their safety and well-being.
Vulnerable populations: This topic involves identifying and understanding the characteristics of populations that are considered vulnerable in research, including children, elderly persons, disabled persons, pregnant women, and those with limited cognitive abilities.
Informed consent: This topic involves the ethical principle of obtaining informed and voluntary consent from research participants, including vulnerable populations, before they take part in a study.
Research regulations and policies: This topic involves understanding the laws, guidelines, and policies that govern research with vulnerable populations, including the Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, and the Common Rule.
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs): This topic involves understanding the role of IRBs in reviewing and approving research involving human subjects, including vulnerable populations.
Risk and benefit assessment: This topic involves evaluating the potential risks and benefits of research with vulnerable populations, including both physical and psychological harm, and weighing these against the potential benefits of the research.
Confidentiality and privacy: This topic involves understanding the ethical principle of protecting the confidentiality and privacy of research participants, particularly vulnerable populations, and the measures that can be taken to ensure their protection.
Deception: This topic involves evaluating the use of deception in research with vulnerable populations, including whether it is ethically justified and what measures can be taken to minimize potential harm.
Community engagement: This topic involves understanding the importance of engaging with the communities in which research with vulnerable populations is conducted, including the need for cultural sensitivity and respect.
Beneficence and non-maleficence: These principles require researchers to act in a manner that assures maximum benefit to the participants and minimal risk of harm.
Justice: This principle requires researchers to ensure that research is conducted fairly, and participants are selected fairly without discrimination or unfair exploitation.
Biomedical research: This includes medical research that involves human subjects, such as clinical trials or drug testing. Vulnerable populations in biomedical research may include children, pregnant women, and people with disabilities.
Epidemiological research: This involves the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations, and may involve vulnerable populations such as low-income or marginalized communities.
Social science research: This includes research in anthropology, sociology, psychology, and other disciplines, and may involve sensitive topics such as sexuality, mental health, and substance abuse. Vulnerable populations in social science research may include children, prisoners, and refugees.
Historical research: This involves studying the past through archival research, oral history, and other methods, and may involve vulnerable populations such as indigenous communities or refugees.
Participatory research: This involves collaborative research with communities, where community members are involved in designing and implementing research projects. Vulnerable populations in participatory research may include those who are marginalized or lack access to traditional research methods.
Ethnographic research: This involves prolonged engagement with a community or culture, and may involve vulnerable populations such as indigenous communities, refugees, or people living in poverty.
Humanitarian research: This involves research carried out during or after a humanitarian crisis, and may involve vulnerable populations such as refugees or people affected by conflict, natural disasters, or epidemics.
"It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error."
"A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole."
"The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge."
"Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences."
"There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc."
"The scientific study of research practices is known as meta-research."
"A researcher is a person engaged in conducting research, possibly recognized as an occupation by a formal job title."
"In order to be a social researcher or social scientist, one should have enormous knowledge of subject related to social science that they are specialized in."
"Similarly, in order to be a natural science researcher, the person should have knowledge on field related to natural science (physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, zoology and so on)."
"To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole."
"...the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge."
"It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic."
"It involves a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error."
"There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc."
"Research is 'creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge'."
"A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field."
"The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge."
"The scientific study of research practices is known as meta-research."
"A researcher is a person engaged in conducting research, possibly recognized as an occupation by a formal job title."