Quote: "It was established as in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students."
The concept that a person's beliefs and actions should be understood in the context of his or her own culture, rather than in terms of the standards of another culture.
Cultural relativism: Cultural relativism is a philosophical concept that asserts that cultural values, beliefs, and practices cannot be objectively compared with each other as they are culture-specific and context-dependent.
Ethnocentrism: Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own culture is superior to others. It can create a sense of cultural superiority and prejudice towards other cultures.
Moral relativism: Moral relativism is a philosophical concept that argues that moral standards are socially constructed and vary across different cultures and contexts.
Diversity: Diversity refers to the multiplicity of cultures and perspectives that exist within a given society. It highlights the importance of respecting and valuing differences among people of different cultural backgrounds.
Anthropology: Anthropology is the study of human cultures, societies, and behavior. It provides insights into the ways in which people make meaning and organize their lives across different contexts and cultures.
Universalism: Universalism posits that certain moral standards are applicable across different cultures and contexts. It argues that there are certain ethical values that are universally recognized and respected, irrespective of cultural differences.
Human rights: Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that are inherent to every individual, regardless of their cultural or social identities. They are protected by law and enshrined in international human rights conventions.
Relativism vs. absolutism: Relativism and absolutism are two opposing philosophical concepts in ethics. Relativism asserts that moral values are contextual and culture-specific, while absolutism posits that there are universal moral standards that apply across all cultures and contexts.
Cultural pluralism: Cultural pluralism refers to the acceptance and celebration of cultural diversity within a society. It acknowledges that different cultural communities have distinct values, beliefs, and practices that contribute to the overall richness and diversity of society.
Cultural competency: Cultural competency is the ability to interact effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds. It involves understanding and respecting cultural differences, as well as developing communication and negotiation skills that can bridge cultural divides.
Descriptive Cultural Relativism: It describes the practices and beliefs of different cultures without necessarily making any ethical judgments about them.
Meta-ethical Cultural Relativism: It asserts that moral standards are entirely dependent on particular cultural traditions, norms, and practices.
Normative Cultural Relativism: It asserts that what is morally right or wrong is determined by the cultural context in which a person exists, and there are no universal moral standards that apply to all cultures.
Conventionalism: It is similar to Normative Cultural Relativism and states that what is right or wrong is determined by cultural conventions.
Strong Objectivism: It argues that there is only one objectively correct moral standard, regardless of culture, and that this standard should be applied universally.
Weak Objectivism: It acknowledges the importance of cultural diversity but argues that there are some moral principles that should be universally applied, regardless of cultural context.
Quote: "Cultural relativism is the idea that a person's beliefs and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture."
Quote: "Proponents of cultural relativism also tend to argue that the norms and values of one culture should not be evaluated using the norms and values of another."
Quote: "Boas first articulated the idea [of cultural relativism] in 1887."
Quote: "The first use of the term [cultural relativism] recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary was by philosopher and social theorist Alain Locke in 1924."
Quote: "The term [cultural relativism] was used to describe Robert Lowie's 'extreme cultural relativism', found in the latter's 1917 book Culture and Ethnology."
Quote: "The term became common among anthropologists after Boas' death in 1942."
Quote: "Boas believed that the sweep of cultures, to be found in connection with any subspecies, is so vast and pervasive that there cannot be a relationship between culture and race."
Quote: "Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims."
Quote: "Whether or not these claims necessitate a specific ethical stance is a matter of debate."
Quote: "The popularization of cultural relativism after World War II was somehow a reaction to such historical events as Nazism, and to colonialism, ethnocentrism, and racism more generally."
Quote: "Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: 'civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes'."
Quote: "Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: 'civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes'."
Quote: None directly stated.
Quote: "The popularization of cultural relativism after World War II was somehow a reaction to such historical events as [...] colonialism, ethnocentrism, and racism more generally."
Quote: None directly stated.
Quote: None directly stated.
Quote: "Whether or not these claims necessitate a specific ethical stance is a matter of debate."
Quote: "The popularization of cultural relativism after World War II was somehow a reaction to... ethnocentrism and racism more generally."
Quote: None directly stated.