"Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of gender. This inequality can be caused by gender discrimination or sexism."
Investigates the ways in which gender shapes economic systems and the division of labor in societies.
Gender Division of Labor: The social and cultural practices that dictate how work is divided between men and women in a particular society.
Gender Wage Gap: The difference in pay between men and women in similar jobs.
Discrimination in the Labor Market: The unequal treatment faced by individuals based on their gender, race, or other characteristics in the workplace.
Feminization of Poverty: The phenomenon where women are disproportionately represented in poor and low-wage jobs, and have higher rates of poverty.
Occupational Segregation: The concentration of men and women in different fields of work or industries.
Unpaid Care Work: The work done by individuals, predominantly women, in the care industry that is unremunerated or underpaid.
Intersectionality: The concept that people have multiple identities and that these identities interact in complex ways, leading to different experiences of inequality for different people.
Household Economics: The study of how economic decisions are made within households and how these decisions affect individual members.
Human Capital Theory: The economic theory that an individual's skills and abilities are a form of capital that can be used to earn income.
Behavioral Economics: The study of how psychological, social, and emotional factors affect economic behavior and decision-making.
Women's Entrepreneurship: The study of how women-led businesses and startups perform in comparison to those run by men.
Gender and Economic Development: The relationship between gender equality and economic growth, and how gender inequality can impede development.
Gender and Globalization: The study of how globalization affects gender relations, economic opportunities, and inequality.
Patriarchy: The social system in which men hold primary power and women are excluded from power and resources.
Gender and Green Growth: The study of how gender relations can impact environmental sustainability and growth.
Gender and Economic Policy: The study of how government policies and regulations impact gender equality in the economy.
Sexual Harassment and Exploitation in the Workplace: The study of how gender power imbalances can lead to workplace harassment and exploitation.
Gender and Economic Empowerment: The concept of enabling women to have the economic means to make decisions and control their own lives.
Gender and Finance: The study of how gender differences impact access to and use of financial services.
Social Norms: The unwritten rules that govern behavior in societies, including how women and men are expected to act in the economy.
Feminist economics: Examines the impact of gender on economic systems, including issues such as wage inequality and social policies that affect gender.
Masculinities and economics: Explores the relationship between masculinity and economic life, including the impact of gender on men's access to jobs and economic opportunities.
Androgynous economics: Examines how gender roles and expectations impact economic life, and attempts to identify androgynous models of economic organization that do not privilege one gender over another.
Queer economics: Focuses on non-heteronormative experiences of economic life, including LGBT+ people's experiences in the workforce and in accessing economic resources.
Gendered labor market theory: Examines how gender and gender expectations impact the employment options available to individuals, including how gender may lead to discrimination and unequal pay.
Gendered economic development: Studies the ways in which economic development impacts gender relations, including how gender biases may impact economic growth and the allocation of resources.
Gendered economic geography: Studies the spatial dimensions of gender and economic life, including how gender and geography interact to limit economic opportunities and access to resources.
Gendered economic systems: Examines different economic systems from a gender perspective, including how capitalism, socialism, and other systems may impact gender relations.
Gendered household economics: Studies the economic dynamics within households and how these dynamics are impacted by gender roles and expectations.
Gendered economic ethics: Examines the ethical implications of gender in economic life, including how ethical systems may be impacted by gender biases and issues related to social justice.
"The treatment [inequality] may arise from distinctions regarding biology, psychology, or cultural norms prevalent in the society."
"Some of these distinctions are empirically grounded, while others appear to be social constructs."
"While current policies around the world cause inequality among individuals, it is women who are most affected."
"Gender inequality weakens women in many areas such as health, education, and business life."
"Studies show the different experiences of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy, personality, interests, family life, careers, and political affiliation."
"Gender inequality is experienced differently across different cultures."
"Gender inequality... also affects non-binary people."