Quote: "it is generally associated with policies of economic liberalization, including privatization, deregulation, globalization, free trade, monetarism, austerity, and reductions in government spending"
Neoliberalism refers to the economic and political philosophy that emphasizes free-market capitalism and reducing the role of government in the economy.
Origins of Neoliberalism: This topic covers the historical context of the rise of neoliberalism, its intellectual roots, and how it evolved over time.
Neoliberal Economic Policies: This topic delves into the core economic principles of neoliberalism that shape development policies, such as market liberalization, privatization, and deregulation.
Neoliberalism and Globalization: This topic explores the relationship between neoliberalism and globalization, its impact on developing countries, and how it has transformed the global economic landscape.
Neoliberalism and Development: This topic focuses on how neoliberal policies have impacted development outcomes in the Global South in terms of poverty, inequality, and economic growth.
Neoliberalism and Democracy: This topic delves into how neoliberalism affects democratic institutions and processes, including electoral politics, civil society, and human rights.
Neoliberalism and Environment: This topic explores how neoliberal policies have impacted the natural environment and the sustainability of resource use.
Neoliberalism and Cultural Change: This topic examines how neoliberalism shapes cultural values and practices, including how it impacts ethic and social norms of societies.
Critiques of Neoliberalism: This topic assesses the critiques of neoliberalism, including those related to economic efficiency, equity, social justice, and sustainability.
Alternative Development Paradigms: This topic explores alternative development paradigms that challenge neoliberalism, such as Marxist, feminist, and post-development theories.
Neoliberalism and International Institutions: This topic examines the role of international institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in promoting neoliberal policies in the Global South.
Neoliberal Institutionalism: This version of neoliberalism emphasizes the efficacy of free-market-oriented institutions in facilitating economic growth and development. It suggests that market-based policies should be the primary instrument for all aspects of economic governance and development.
Critical Neoliberalism: This type of neoliberalism acknowledges that certain aspects of free-market-oriented policies are useful in promoting economic growth and development, but it questions the dominant narrative of the market as a solution to all problems. It emphasizes the critical examination of the sources of market-based policy, its consequences for marginalized groups, and its impact on social and economic inequality.
Neoliberalism as Discipline: This approach to neoliberalism emphasizes the widespread adoption of neoliberal values, such as individualism and competition, as individuals' ways of understanding themselves and the world. Neoliberalism in this case shapes one's perception of society and of oneself.
Neo-imperialist Neoliberalism: This type of neoliberalism emphasizes the promotion of free-market-oriented policies by imperial powers in developing countries. It suggests that the imposition of free-market policies by the powerful countries benefits mainly their own interest and not those of the less powerful developing countries.
Neoliberalism as a Global Culture: This approach portrays neoliberalism as a global cultural ethos that has penetrated the fabric of social life globally. It proposes that this cultural ethos perceives everything, from politics to strategy to everyday life, through economic lenses.
Alternative or Post-Neoliberalism: This approach suggests potential alternatives to neoliberalism and its impact on development. It proposes alternatives, recognizing the need for regulation and supporting economic systems that facilitate equity, environmental protection, and justice.
Quote: "late-20th century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism after it fell into decline following the Second World War"
Quote: "advocated by conservative and right-libertarian organizations, political parties, and think tanks"
Quote: "the perceived failure of the post-war consensus and neo-Keynesian economics to address the stagflation of the 1970s" and "the collapse of the USSR and the end of the Cold War"
Quote: "neoliberalism emerged among European liberal scholars during the 1930s as they attempted to revive and renew central ideas from classical liberalism as they saw these ideas diminish in popularity"
Quote: "policies designed with the intention to counter the volatility of free markets"
Quote: "increase the role of the private sector in the economy and society"
Quote: "associated with Augusto Pinochet's economic reforms in Chile, it quickly acquired negative connotations and was employed principally by critics of market reform and laissez-faire capitalism"
Quote: "Mont Pelerin Society economists Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, Ludwig von Mises and James M. Buchanan, along with politicians and policy-makers such as Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan, and Alan Greenspan"
Quote: "some scholars reject the idea that neoliberalism is a monolithic ideology"
Quote: "neoliberalism has mutated into multiple, geopolitically distinct hybrids as it propagated around the world"
Quote: "with the passage of NAFTA... the term entered global circulation"
Quote: "scholarship on the phenomenon of neoliberalism has grown over the last few decades"
Quote: "desire to avoid repeating the economic failures of the early 1930s"
Quote: "the new meaning of neoliberalism became established as a common usage among Spanish-speaking scholars"
Quote: "economic failures of the early 1930s, failures sometimes attributed principally to the economic policy of classical liberalism"
Quote: "reductions in government spending"
Quote: "neoliberalism shares many attributes with other concepts that have contested meanings, including representative democracy"
Quote: "it quickly acquired negative connotations and was employed principally by critics of market reform and laissez-faire capitalism"
Quote: "the triumph of neoliberalism in the United States and around the world"