- "They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys, including apes and humans)."
Study of primate vocalizations, gestures, and other forms of communication.
Social organization: The study of how primates organize themselves socially can provide insight into how they communicate with one another.
Vocal communication: Primate vocalizations can range from simple grunts and screams to complex vocalizations that convey specific information about food or other resources.
Non-vocal communication: Many primates use body language, gestures, or facial expressions to communicate with others.
Signaling and deception: Primates may use various forms of signaling and deception to communicate with each other or to mislead other members of their group.
Kin recognition: The ability to recognize family members is important for primate social organizations, and it may influence communication patterns.
Dominance and aggression: Dominance hierarchies are common among primates, and communication may play a role in establishing and maintaining these hierarchies.
Learning and culture: Some primate communication may be learned through observational learning or cultural transmission.
Cognitive abilities: Studying primate communication can provide insights into their cognitive abilities, such as their ability to form mental representations of their environment.
Evolution of communication: Anthropologists study the evolution of communication in primates to understand how it developed over time and how it may have influenced the evolution of language in humans.
Human-primate communication: Studying primate communication can also provide clues about how humans developed language and complex communication systems.
Vocalizations: Primate vocalizations are sounds produced by the mouth, larynx, and other vocal structures that allow for communication. Examples include alarm calls, mating calls, and territorial aggression calls.
Body Language: Nonverbal communication using posture, gesture, and facial expression. Examples include threat displays, grooming, and play behavior.
Olfaction: The sense of smell is an important means of communication among primates. Examples include scent marking, sexual signaling, and recognizing kin.
Visual Display: Primate communication through visual display includes coloration, gesture, and other body movements. Examples include dominance displays, courtship displays, and kin recognition.
Touch: Primate communication through physical touch includes grooming and comfort behavior. Grooming helps to bond and develop social connections within a group.
Haptic Communication: Communication through touch using specific hand movements and signals that carry specific meaning, such as grooming or sexual invitation signals.
Alarm Calls: Auditory signals that signal danger, such as alarm calls, are important for primate survival.
Facial Expressions: Primates communicate through facial expressions, which can indicate emotions such as fear, aggression or joy.
Chemical signals: Primate communication can also be done through scent-marking with pheromones, which can indicate availability for mating or territorial boundaries.
Tactile communication: Communication through physical contact, such as hugging or embracing.
Postural communication: Communication through posture, such as a dominant or submissive posture.
Vocal mimicry: Primates are capable of mimicking the sounds of other animals, such as birds or other primates.
- "Primates arose 85–55 million years ago first from small terrestrial mammals."
- "Many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging environment, including large brains, visual acuity, color vision, a shoulder girdle allowing a large degree of movement in the shoulder joint, and dextrous hands."
- "Primates range in size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 g (1 oz), to the eastern gorilla, weighing over 200 kg (440 lb)."
- "There are 376–524 species of living primates, depending on which classification is used."
- "New primate species continue to be discovered: over 25 species were described in the 2000s, 36 in the 2010s, and three in the 2020s."
- "They have an increased reliance on visual acuity at the expense of the sense of smell, which is the dominant sensory system in most mammals."
- "Most primates also have opposable thumbs."
- "Arboreal locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree and swinging between branches of trees (brachiation)."
- "Terrestrial locomotion techniques include walking on two limbs (bipedalism) and modified walking on four limbs (knuckle-walking)."
- "Non-human primates have at least four types of social systems, many defined by the amount of movement by adolescent females between groups."
- "Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals, reach maturity later, and have longer lifespans."
- "Primates are also the most intelligent animals and non-human primates are recorded to use tools."
- "They may communicate using facial and hand gestures, smells, and vocalizations."
- "Common threats include deforestation, forest fragmentation, monkey drives, and primate hunting for use in medicines, as pets, and for food."
- "Thousands of non-human primates are used in research around the world because of their psychological and physiological similarity to humans."
- "About 60% of primate species are threatened with extinction."
- "Common threats include deforestation, forest fragmentation, monkey drives, and primate hunting for use in medicines, as pets, and for food."
- "Large-scale tropical forest clearing for agriculture most threatens primates."
- There is no quote in the given paragraph that directly answers this question.