- "Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in society."
The impact of globalization on religious traditions and practices, including the spread of religious ideas, movements, and practices across continents.
Definitions and concepts: This topic involves understanding the meanings and concepts of globalization and religion, including their historical origins and contemporary significance.
Theoretical approaches: This topic explores the various theoretical frameworks used to analyze globalization and religion in anthropology, including modernization theory, postcolonial theory, and cosmopolitanism.
Case studies: This topic involves examining specific examples of globalization and religion in different contexts, such as the spread of Christianity in Africa, the impact of Hindu nationalism in India, or the rise of globalized Islam.
Rituals and symbolism: This topic looks at the role of religious rituals and symbols in shaping global cultural practices, including the spread of yoga, meditation, and mindfulness practices in the west.
Transnational networks: This topic explores the ways in which globalization has facilitated the formation of transnational religious networks, including diaspora communities, pilgrimage routes, and online communities.
Politics and power: This topic examines the relationship between religion and power in the context of globalization, including the role of religious leaders and organizations in shaping global politics and governance.
Environmentalism and religion: This topic looks at the ways in which religion and spirituality are intertwined with environmental concerns in the context of globalization, including the rise of eco-spirituality and environmental activism.
Gender and sexuality: This topic explores the ways in which gender and sexuality are affected by globalization and religion, including the impact of religious doctrines on women's rights and LGBTQ+ rights.
Migration and cross-cultural interaction: This topic examines the ways in which globalization and religion intersect with migration and cross-cultural interaction, including the role of religion in shaping diaspora communities and transnational identities.
Ethics and morality: This topic explores the role of religion in shaping ethical and moral codes in the context of globalization, including issues such as human rights, social justice, and cultural diversity.
Religious Syncretism: It refers to the blending or merging of different religious beliefs and practices into a new, cohesive system. This type can be seen in many indigenous religions, such as Santeria in Cuba, Vodou in Haiti, and Candomble in Brazil.
Transnational Religious Movements: They refer to religious organizations that spread their message, teachings, and practices beyond national borders. Examples of this type include Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam.
Globalization of Christianity: Christianity has become a global religion whose influence extends beyond the Western world. This type of globalization includes the spread of Christianity to non-Christian countries, such as Africa and Asia, and the growth of non-Western Christian groups.
Globalization of Islam: This type of globalization refers to the spread of Islam from the Middle East to other parts of the world, including North Africa, Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Cultural Hybridization: It refers to the mixing of religious and cultural practices in the context of globalization. The process of cultural hybridization can take place between different religions or between religions and secular culture. An example of this type is the blending of Eastern and Western religions in the United States.
Religious Fundamentalism: This type emphasizes strict adherence to traditional religious beliefs and practices, often in opposition to secular culture and globalization. Examples of religious fundamentalism include the Taliban in Afghanistan and some forms of Evangelical Christianity in the United States.
Modernization and Secularization of Religion: It refers to the trend of religion becoming less central to people's lives as they become more modernized and secularized. This type can be observed in many Western countries, where Church attendance has declined over the past few decades.
Postmodernist Analysis of Religion: It refers to the critical examination of the way in which religion and globalization interact, taking into account the diversity and complexity of religious practices around the world. This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding the social, political, and cultural context in which religions operate.
- "Recognizing and tolerating the religious diversity of a society or country." - "Promoting freedom of religion." - "Defining secularism as neutrality (of the state or non-sectarian institution) on issues of religion." - "Promoting friendly separation of religion and state."
- "Defining secularism as neutrality (of the state or non-sectarian institution) on issues of religion as opposed to opposition of religion in the public forum." - "Promoting friendly separation of religion and state as opposed to hostile separation or antitheism espoused by other forms of secularism."
- "One such worldview holds that one's own religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth."
- "Acknowledges that at least some truths and true values exist in other religions." - "Two or more religions with mutually exclusive truth claims are equally valid."
- "Sometimes as a synonym for ecumenism." - "As a term for the condition of harmonious co-existence between adherents of different religions or religious denominations."
- "Promotion of some level of unity, co-operation, and improved understanding."
- "As a social norm and not merely a synonym for religious diversity."
- "Promoting freedom of religion." - "Recognizing and tolerating the religious diversity of a society or country."
- "Defining secularism as neutrality on issues of religion." - "Promoting friendly separation of religion and state."
- "Toleration (a concept that arose as a result of the European wars of religion)."
- "Perennialism is the understanding that the exclusive claims of different religions turn out, upon closer examination, to be variations of universal truths."
- "Promotion of some level of unity, co-operation, and improved understanding between different religions or different denominations within a single religion."
- "Promoting friendly separation of religion and state."
- "One's own religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth."
- "Promoting friendly separation of religion and state as opposed to hostile separation or antitheism espoused by other forms of secularism."
- "Moral relativism may be considered a form within the concept of acknowledging the validity of mutually exclusive truth claims of different religions."
- "As a social norm and not merely a synonym for religious diversity."
- "Toleration (a concept that arose as a result of the European wars of religion)."
- "Two or more religions with mutually exclusive truth claims are equally valid."