Gender

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The cultural and social construction of masculinity and femininity and the ways in which gender shapes individual identities and social relations.

Sex and Gender: The distinction between biological sex and gender as a social construct that varies across cultures and time periods.
Feminism: The various feminist movements and their impact on gender and society.
Queer Theory: A critical examination of heteronormative structures and the experiences of sexual minorities.
Intersectionality: The intersections of gender, race, class, and other social categories that shape individuals' experiences.
Masculinity and Patriarchy: The social construction of masculinity and its relation to power and oppression.
Gendered Work and Labor: The ways in which gender structures the workforce and shapes work experiences.
Reproduction and Motherhood: The roles of women in reproduction and the social constructions of motherhood and parenting.
Sexuality and Desire: The social construction of sexual identity and desire, including the role of power and consent.
Transgender Identities: The experiences and identities of transgender individuals, including the challenges they face and the political and social movements that advocate for their rights.
Globalization and Gender: The ways in which globalization and international development impact gender and gender relations in different countries and regions.
Male/Female Binary: The traditional system in most cultures, which divides all people into only two categories based on biological sex.
Transgender: Individuals whose gender identity does not correspond with the sex they were assigned at birth.
Intersex: Individuals who are born with variations in their physical sex characteristics, which may include genitalia or chromosome patterns that do not fit typical male or female categories.
Genderqueer/Non-binary: Individuals who identify as neither exclusively male nor exclusively female, or who reject the concept of a binary gender system altogether.
Two-spirit: A term used by some Indigenous North American communities to describe individuals who embody both male and female spirits, or who identify as neither male nor female.
Hijra: A third gender recognized in some South Asian cultures, which historically included individuals who were castrated and lived in communities separate from men and women.
Fa'afafine: A third gender recognized in traditional Samoan culture, which describes individuals who may be male-bodied but take on feminine roles and characteristics.
Sworn virgins: A practice in some Balkan cultures in which a woman takes on male gender roles and responsibilities after swearing to remain celibate.
Quote: "A gender role, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person's sex."
Quote: "The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary among cultures, while other characteristics may be common throughout a range of cultures."
Quote: "In addition, gender roles (and perceived gender roles) vary based on a person's race or ethnicity."
Quote: "Gender roles influence a wide range of human behavior, often including the clothing a person chooses to wear, the profession a person pursues, manner of approach to things, the personal relationships a person enters, and how they behave within those relationships."
Quote: "Although gender roles have evolved and expanded, they traditionally keep women in the 'private' sphere, and men in the 'public' sphere."
Quote: "Various groups, most notably feminist movements, have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive, inaccurate, and sexist."
Quote: "Gender roles are usually centered on conceptions of masculinity and femininity, although there are exceptions and variations."
Quote: "Gender roles influence a wide range of human behavior, often including [...] the personal relationships a person enters, and how they behave within those relationships."
Quote: "Various groups, most notably feminist movements, have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive, inaccurate, and sexist."
Quote: "Although gender roles have evolved and expanded, they traditionally keep women in the 'private' sphere, and men in the 'public' sphere."
Quote: "The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary among cultures, while other characteristics may be common throughout a range of cultures."
Quote: "In addition, gender roles (and perceived gender roles) vary based on a person's race or ethnicity."
Quote: "Gender roles influence a wide range of human behavior, often including the clothing a person chooses to wear."
Quote: "A gender role, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person's sex."
Quote: "Various groups, most notably feminist movements, have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive, inaccurate, and sexist."
Quote: "Although gender roles have evolved and expanded, they traditionally keep women in the 'private' sphere, and men in the 'public' sphere."
Quote: "Gender roles influence a wide range of human behavior, often including the profession a person pursues."
Quote: "A gender role, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person's sex."
Quote: "Various groups, most notably feminist movements, have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive, inaccurate, and sexist."
Quote: "Gender roles influence a wide range of human behavior, often including [...] how they behave within those relationships."