The history of the women's suffrage movement and the struggle for women to gain the right to vote in various countries and regions around the world.
Suffrage movement: The suffrage movement was the centuries-long effort to secure the right to vote for women. The movement involved a wide range of women and men, both in the United States and internationally.
Seneca Falls Convention: The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention held in the United States. It was organized by women's rights activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, and held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848.
Susan B. Anthony: Susan B. Anthony was a prominent suffrage activist and organizer in the United States during the late 19th century. She played a key role in the women's suffrage movement and was a co-founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association.
19th Amendment: The 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees women the right to vote. It was ratified in 1920 after an extensive campaign by the suffragettes.
Intersectionality: Intersectionality is the idea that individuals may experience multiple forms of oppression or discrimination based on their various identities such as race, gender, sexuality, and class.
Feminism: Feminism is a political ideology that seeks to promote gender equality and eliminate sexism and other forms of discrimination against women.
Suffrage tactics: Suffragettes employed a variety of tactics to secure their right to vote, including protests, marches, and hunger strikes.
Women's liberation movement: The women's liberation movement was a social movement that focused on addressing the broader issues of women's rights and inequality. It emerged in the 1960s and 1970s and was characterized by demands for sexual freedom, reproductive rights, and equal pay.
Feminist theory: Feminist theory is the study of women's experiences and oppression, and seeks to understand and address gender inequality through a variety of methods and approaches.
The role of race and class: The suffrage movement was often criticized for its lack of inclusivity and focus primarily on white, middle-class women. The importance of race and class in the women's suffrage movement has been studied extensively by scholars.
Global suffrage movements: Women's suffrage movements extended far beyond the United States and were active in countries around the world. These movements were often influenced by and influenced each other.
Voting rights and current issues: While women's right to vote has been secured in many countries, there are still ongoing issues related to voter suppression, access to voting, and representation in political office.
Universal suffrage: The right of all adult citizens to vote, regardless of gender or other factors.
Limited suffrage: The right to vote only for a specific group or class of people. For example, property-owning women or women with certain educational qualifications.
White woman's suffrage: The right of white women to vote, often excluding women of color.
Minority women's suffrage: The right of women of color, indigenous women, or immigrant women to vote.
Age-based suffrage: The right to vote only when a person reaches a certain age, usually 18 or 21.
Educational suffrage: The right to vote only for individuals who have attained a certain level of education or literacy.
Poll tax suffrage: The payment of a tax as a prerequisite for the right to vote, often disproportionately affecting lower-income individuals.
Property-based suffrage: The right to vote only if one owns a certain amount of property.
Municipal suffrage: The right to vote in local elections only.
Territorial suffrage: The right to vote for residents of certain territories or colonies.
Maternal suffrage: The right of mothers to vote based on their status as caretakers and providers for their families.
Conscription suffrage: The right to vote for individuals who have served in the military, often excluding women.
Non-citizen suffrage: The right to vote for non-citizens who are permanent residents or have otherwise established a significant connection to a particular community.
Prisoner suffrage: The right to vote for individuals who are incarcerated or have served time in prison.