Describes how forces interact with objects and how objects react to these forces.
Kinematics: Study of motion without regard to the causes of motion.
Dynamics: Study of motion with regard to the causes of motion.
Force: A force is a push or pull that can cause the acceleration of an object.
Mass: The quantity of matter in a body is its mass. It is measured in kilograms.
Inertia: The tendency of objects to maintain their state of motion or rest is called inertia.
Newton's First Law: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion with constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force.
Newton's Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Friction: Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object across a surface.
Tension: Tension is the pulling force exerted by an object that is connected to another object through a rope or a string.
Equilibrium: An object is in a state of equilibrium when the net force acting on it is zero.
Normal Force: The force perpendicular to a surface that prevents an object from penetrating the surface is called the normal force.
Gravity: The force of attraction between two objects is called gravity.
Weight: Weight is the force exerted on an object due to its gravitational attraction to the Earth.
Impulse and Momentum: Impulse is the change in momentum of an object, and momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity.
Circular Motion: An object moving in a circle experiences a centripetal force that maintains its circular motion.
Work and Energy: Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another, and energy is the capacity to do work.
Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions: In an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the colliding objects is conserved, whereas in an inelastic collision, some of the kinetic energy is lost as heat or sound.
Projectile Motion: The motion of a projectile, such as a cannonball or a bullet, follows a parabolic path due to the combination of horizontal and vertical motion.
First Law: Law of Inertia.
Second Law: Law of Acceleration.
Third Law: Law of Action and Reaction.